Teaching English As A Second Language - 1422 Words

Introduction To enable all students to learn and engage with the learning areas in the classroom, teachers employ a variety of teaching methodologies across all learning areas. Choosing an appropriate teaching methodology will make the process of teaching English as a second language easier and more rewarding for the teachers and students, and increase the likelihood of success. In this research, I will analyses a video clip of an ESL/EFL teacher and class in action for reflection on and evaluating the mythology to promote language learning. The video clip chosen for analysis is from lessons included in Harmer (2007) published by YouTube. It covers adult class (pre-intermediate) during the lesson titled Kit teaches students to ask for and give directions. The class are learning English as a second language (ESL) and there are around 15 students from variety countries. Lesson Summary The clip can be viewed as a sequence of â€Å"episodes† where each episode is â€Å"a bonded unit which roughly correlates with a single teaching activity† (Gibbons, 2006:95). The class follows the task-based teaching structure found to be common in English as a second language and moves from listening tasks to a speaking task. In the first episode (0:03), the teacher writes the topic and what activities they will focus on in his teaching on the whiteboard. In the second episode (0:53), the teacher requires the students to write two questions which they will answer before the first listeningShow MoreRelatedTeaching English As A Second Language2086 Words   |  9 Pages Teaching English as a Second Language to an Elementary School Student’s Name: Institution: Instructors name: Date: Introduction According to Celce-Mursia (2001), teaching English to people who speak other languages (TESOL) refers to a learning process by which people whose native language is not English are taught how to read, write, understand and successfully communicate in English. He notes that different shortened forms are used to refer to the same concept in different parts ofRead MoreTeaching English As A Second Language3062 Words   |  13 Pagesstudy is testing the possibility of adopting the LCA to improve teaching English as a second language in Iraq. Therefore, an implementation attempt would be conducted to use the LCA in the country’s specific context. The teaching experiment is the main research methodology. For data collection methods, three would be utilized: the questionnaire, the interview, and observation. This chapter focuses on the study’s main methodology, the teaching experiment, and how work proceeded. It also presents the dataRead MoreTeaching English As A Second Language1866 Words   |  8 PagesTerm Paper Teaching English as a second language can be a difficult task and the challenges that teachers face vary greatly from student to student and classroom to classroom. The internship working Professor Jesse Stewart and his students from his ESL 116 class was eye opening and great opportunity to work with students who had a range of English levels. Each student was unique in that they learned differently, had different language backgrounds and had different language abilities but one thingRead MoreTeaching English As A Second Language Learners1368 Words   |  6 Pagesthe global in mere seconds. With new interpreting apps even being in a foreign country no longer has a language barrier for tourist encouraging more travel. Schools across the United States are reflecting this trend as teachers are more likely to encounter students who know more than one language or who are learning English as a second language. Having students who are English second language learners (ESL) in the clas sroom changes the learning environment as different teaching techniques are usedRead MoreTeaching Students With English As Their Second Language868 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching students with English as their second language comes with its own set of challenges. To effectively teach first I need to understand what the students already know. Through my class Assessment for Learning I was taught not all assessments give you the same information. Formative assessment guides instruction because it is usually a quick snapshot which identifies what the student has mastered or still needs to work on. Summative assessments are usually what we stereotypically think of asRead MoreTeaching English As A Second Or Foreign Language1635 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review. Several recent studies illustrate that student disaffection in English Language classrooms is a very real problem in many counties. In the following studies various terms are used to describe English Language Learning. The abbreviations: ESL (English as a Second Language), EFL (English as a Foreign Language), and ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) are used within the context of each of the following studies in keeping with the original authors’ terminology. The commonRead MoreTeaching English As A Second Language Instruction1302 Words   |  6 PagesAs a student teacher, I find it extremely important to learn and reflect on language acquisition theories made by many different theorist. As New Zealand is becoming more and more culturally and ethnically diverse (Stats NZ, 2013). This means classrooms will be more diverse. Hence it is important to have knowledge pedagogically on how teacher deliver a second language lesson and how to support ESOL students. Looking a t Krashen’s theory, it is broken down into five hypothesis. Acquisition/learningRead MoreTeaching Students With English As Their Second Language805 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion: #5A Course Name and Instructor’s Name: EDUC 886 Assessment for Learning Teaching students with English as their second language comes with its own set of challenges. To effectively teach I first need to understand what the students already know. Through my class Assessment for Learning I was taught not all assessments yield the same information. Formative assessment guides instruction because it is a quick snapshot which identifies what the student has mastered or still needs to work onRead MoreTeaching English As A Second Or Foreign Language1407 Words   |  6 Pages In addition to teaching students through a variety of methods, teachers should also provide students with the tools necessary for them to be autonomous learners. According to Celce-Murcia’s Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, â€Å"one of the greatest challenges† facing both educators and learners is building ELL’s academic vocabularies (Celce-Murcia et al., 2013, p. 164). According to Larson (2013), active engagement encourages students to know definiti ons of words, â€Å"make connectionsRead MoreTeaching English As A Second Language And Culture3962 Words   |  16 PagesTeaching Philosophy; Language Development, Diversity, Education and Culture 9 Teaching English as a Second Language and Culture A Bilingualism Study Ana Miranda Texas AM of Commerce Abstract This paper is primarily intended to present detailed examination about bilingualism and bilingual education from a teaching and student perspective. In first instance, I will deal with some of the definitions of these terms. Following this, I

Failure of Reconstruction Free Essays

Failure of Reconstruction Reconstruction is defined as a thing that has been rebuilt after being damaged or destroyed. Following the civil war the South was very much damaged both physically and emotionally. The radical republicans tried to reshape the south for their own benefit which was unsuccessful across the board for many reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Failure of Reconstruction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ultimately reconstruction failed to accomplish the goals of the free blacks and radical republicans because the radicals wanted a hard reconstruction of the south that was unrealistic because it neglected the life goals of the newly freed African Americans. Once the thirteenth amendment ended slavery the newly freed blacks of the south had some important goals in mind. In the source â€Å"Jourdon Anderson, Letter To P. H. Anderson† Jourdon discusses his objectives as a free man which included the wages he earned working for his former master, education and protection of his children, and to be treated with respect ( Reading, 159). It was not just Jordon who wished these things; all of the newly freed blacks were seeking these goals and other goals as well. Even though the radical republicans strongly opposed slavery, their goals during reconstruction did not exactly support the black’s goals. Radical republicans aimed for a hard reconstruction of the south that would erase the gross inequalities in wealth created by slavery. They believed the best way to accomplish this was by dividing up the land in the south. Taking the land away from the rebels and selling it to the freedmen. Radicals firmly believed the property of the rebels should pay for the national debt caused by the Civil War (Reading, 161). The southerners did not support this idea whatsoever. They are extremely angry with Thaddeus Stevens for wanting to divide up their land, land that has been in their families for generations, and give that land to black people (Reading, 161). Southerners tried to recruit former slaves back to their farms in order to keep a small part of slavery existing (Reading, 159). Ultimately the white southerners wanted to establish white supremacy. They did so with violence, enlisting fear in the blacks and interracial couples by lynching (Reading, 169). Georges Clemencau was a French physician and journalist, covered Washington politics for a French newspaper. In the source â€Å"U. S. Senate, Reports On ‘Outrages Committed By Disloyal Persons’† Clemencau talks about the double standard the U. S. government has for military and civil heads of the Confederate government. He talks about how the whites forcefully get what they want in any way they want weather it’s unconstitutional or not (Reading, 167). The goals of the radical republicans revolved around making the southerners pay for the war damages, giving blacks a chance to be free people, and eliminating the vas variations in wealth among the slave owners. While these goals seam realistic, the extent in which the radical republicans wanted them done was not. As well as these goals could not be completed without support from others, and the white southerners did not support these goals. The free blacks reinforced these goals, but they were not at the top of their list of goals following the abolition of slavery. Thusly causing reconstruction to fail for lack of support and the vast amount of sacrifice they demanded from the southerners. How to cite Failure of Reconstruction, Papers

Hoover v. rosevelt Essay Example For Students

Hoover v. rosevelt Essay Hoover v. RoseveltA liberal favors modification and generally utilizes government involvement to promote social change. On the other hand a conservative has a more traditional viewpoint and tends to oppose change. While President Hoover is commonly thought of as a conservative and President Roosevelt a liberal the disarray and the status of the nation gave them no time to decipher their tendencies. It was through their recourse and reforms that we can now say these things all the while never fully knowing but never forgetting their predicament. In times where everything by which people have based their lives falls and crumbles to the ground. These people had to watch the things you have given your life to, broken, and stoop and build them with worn out tools. When something, such as this has changed the times so immensely and brought the nation into a seemingly endless hole the only way to recover is to fill the hole back up or crawl out. While a liberal may promote change, change wa s the only option in these desperate times. Both Hoover and Roosevelt were preserving the country through alteration. Hoover changed to keep it the same, to keep the tradition, to conserve the nation. Roosevelt changed to make it better, to help the common man, to restore liberty. Thus, deriving the terms that Roosevelt was a liberal and Hoover a conservative. The nation had taken a devastating plunge in 1929, the Great Depression had struck, Hoover President at the time. The country was plummeting and Hoover held out his hand, although the people too scared to be saved let themselves fall deeper (Document D). Hoover believed that by giving the rich tax breaks and giving money to big businesses the money would eventually redistribute itself and Trickle Down from the top. By doing so people would keep their morale and with their character saved they would eventually gain their own ground. Hoover had reforms, his anti-depression strategies consisted of voluntary measures Economic depression cannot be cured by legislative action or executive pronouncementThe best contribution of government lies in encouragement of this voluntary cooperation of the community (Document B). This showed that the people would have to make the effort not the government, where as the liberal view might stand, as saying Hoover should have supplied them all with aid a nd conformed to society. Hoover died try to limit production, cut taxes, lower spending, and instilled a doctorate of Public Works more than rigorous than ever before. I recommend large appropriations for loans to rehabilitate agriculture from the drought and provision of further lager sums for public works and construction in the drought territory (Document C). Though his efforts valiant and interests in which he figured to be best at the time his programs did not seem to do much for the common man and by these people he was considered out of touch. Thanks to the Keynesian Economics and Roosevelts personal belief in a deficit. A plan was devised to spend more money and get it circulating again. As the deficit went up the U.S. slowly pulled themselves from the depths of the depression (Document F).The New Deal entailed three main goals; relief, recovery and reform. The programs under each of the three categories were founded upon the ideals of liberalism. In that they wanted to touc h and aid the masses. Roosevelt said, Out of strains and stresses of these years we have come to see that the true conservative is the man who has a real concern for in justices and inequalities as arise from it. The most serious threat to our institutions comes for those who refuse to face the need for change. Liberalism becomes the protection for the far-sighted conservative (Document G). Roosevelt believed that NOW was the time and acted upon those thoughts. He came a long way and he was going to continue to work as long as problems arose. (Document H). This may be the line that separates Hoover and Roosevelt, Hoover probably would have ceased here although FDR presued farther. .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83 , .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83 .postImageUrl , .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83 , .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83:hover , .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83:visited , .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83:active { border:0!important; } .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83:active , .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83 .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u24dd830c37e0118ea1bb60adb05edf83:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Autism 3 EssayAlthough they were a part of different parties and held different beliefs but were reaching for the same star in the very distant sky. I dont believe that Hoover had any intentions of making things worse he was just doing what he thought to be best at the time. You will never know how great of a person lies within until they have been given a trying circumstance to overcome. Roosevelt and Hoover were definitely given that. Hoover had reforms much like President Regans (another conservative) in the 1980s but both Hoover and Regan left the nation in economical turmoil. Wise and prudent men-intelligent conservatives-have long known that in a changing world worth y institutions can be conserved only by adjusting them to changing time I am that kind of conservative because I am that kind of liberal (Document G). Hoover changed to keep it the same, to keep the tradition, to conserve the nation. Roosevelt changed to make it better, to help the common man, to restore liberty. Thus, deriving the terms that Roosevelt was a liberal and Hoover a conservative.

Kant Essays - Social Philosophy, Kantianism, Deontological Ethics

Kant Kant starts off making two distinctions regarding kinds of knowledge, empirical/rational and formal/material. Empirical or experience-based knowledge is compared with rational knowledge, which is independent of experience. This distinction between empirical and rational knowledge rests on a difference in sources of evidence used to support the two different kinds of knowledge. Formal is compared with material knowledge. Formal knowledge has no specific subject matter; it is about the general format of thinking about any subject matter whatsoever. Material knowledge is of a specific subject matter, either nature or freedom. Rational knowledge is metaphysics, of which there are two branches, the metaphysics of nature and of morals. The metaphysics of nature is supposed to provide rational knowledge of the laws of nature. These are not empirical laws; they are more like universal principles of nature that any empirical physical would presuppose, such as that no event in nature occurs without a natural cause. The metaphysics of freedom is supposed to provide knowledge of the laws of freedom. These are the universal rules, which free agents form to govern them. Therefore, Kant's grounding, his initial attempt at a critique of rational reason, is an investigation of the possibility of purely rational knowledge of morals. Take, for example, the Moral Rule: Thou shall not lie. If the moral law is valid as the basis of moral obligation or duty, then it must be necessary. Kant using the word necessity means that the rule obligates or binds whatever the conditions or in all circumstances. It also means that the rule applies to all rational beings and not only to human beings. In this second sense we can say that the rule is universally binding. So in fact, moral rules are universal and necessary. If a moral rule is to be universal and necessary, the moral law must be derived from concepts of pure reason alone. Therefore, if a moral rule or law can only be derived from reason alone, there must be a pure moral philosophy whose task is to provide such a derivation. According to Kant good will and only a good will is intrinsically good. Kant distinguishes two different types of intrinsic or extrinsic goods. If a thing is only extrinsically good, then it is possible for that thing not to be good, or to be bad or evil. Intrinsic goodness is goodness in itself; if a thing is intrinsically good, its goodness is essential to it; and its goodness is not a function of factors other than itself. Kant holds that only a good will, not happiness, is intrinsically good. The idea that it is reason rather than natural impulse that guides action for the sake of happiness is false. Parts of a person perform their functions by surviving and this provides happiness for the person. Reason functions poorly in serving that purpose; instinct does better job. Natural instinct rather than reason provides better for happiness. Kant distinguishes between having a reason to act and acting for a reason. The motivating reason is the reason for which agent acts. A justifying reason is the reason that justifies, warrants, and provides the criterion of rightness for the action. The agent's motivating reason might or might not provide a justifying reason for his action. Kant then defines three types of motivating reasons. One type of non-moral motivation is natural motivation. Action in accord with duty is motivated by immediate or direct inclination. Direct inclination includes such motives as love, sympathy, instinct for self-preservation, or the desire for happiness. The other type of non-moral motivation is prudence. An action in agreement with duty, but motivated by prudence, is action motivated by the pursuit of self-interest or happiness. Since all human beings naturally desire happiness, prudential motivation is indirectly motivated by a natural motivation. Moral motivation is the third type of motivation. The action is not only in agreement with duty, but motivated by duty, done from duty, or for sake of duty. The agent's motivating reason, the reason for which he acts, is that the action is what morality demands and he wants above all to do what reason demands.

Clean Edge Razor Splitting Hairs in Product Positioning

Clean Edge Razor Splitting Hairs in Product Positioning Introduction In the year 2007, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Paramount Company established a team that would oversee the development of the company’s new product into the market with the help of technological innovation. This product was meant to be exceptional in the market through gaining a competitive advantage.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Clean Edge Razor: Splitting Hairs in Product Positioning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The team was made up of expertise from different departments of the company such as production, marketing and R D department. After a thorough evaluation of numerous new designs, they concluded that Paramount company revolutionary product would be ultra-thin, vibrating five-blade design labeled† Clean Edge.† This was done with an aim of the company establishing itself as an innovative leader. The Clean Edge non-disposable razor had attributes that were extrem ely striking and appealing to anyone who would use it. For instance, the handle contained an AAA battery which stimulated the hair follicles upon its vibration (Quelch Becham, 2011, p. 1). Additionally, the razor handle was large and heavier enough to facilitate control, balance and grip while shaving. Similarly, the advanced design (Ultra-thin) of the blade reduced significantly the irritation of the skin. The project team is trying to establish the positioning strategy, marketing, branding and budgeting of the new product in the market so as to attract a wide customer base. The report is going to provide the best solution that needs to be considered if the Clean Edge razor wants to be successful in the market. Discussion Changes have been experienced in various sectors of the non-disposable razor category. For example, this category of razor has continuously recorded an increase in revenue growth. From the year 2007 to 2010, the percentage growth was approximated to be five perce nt (5%) in comparison to 2% of the refill cartridges razors (Quelch Becham, 2011, p.2). The introduction and development of new products has significantly increased the non-disposable razor growth percentage in the market. For instance, Paramount Company has introduced the Clean Edge. Furthermore, the market segment for this type of razor has been categorized into three principal segments taking quality and price into consideration. Under quality, the non-disposable razor category is based on super-premium, moderate and value. The super-premium premium segment in the previous decade has recorded a growth that is significant. This is as a result of the innovation of numerous products including the low resistance blade coating, 5-blade technology, lather bar and glide strips among others. The growth is as shown in the table belowAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Quality volume Dollar Super-premium 25% 34% Moderate 43% 44% Value 32% 22% The above table gives some highlights of the segments retail sales for both the Refill Cartridges and non-disposable razor as per 2009 Data. As compared to previous years, more replacement cartridges and razors were purchased by consumers more often. However, the level of replacement of refill cartridge razors has been negatively affected as a result of product innovations. Advertisements have also affected the benefits accrued from frequent replacement of razors. Assessing and discussing the competitive position of Paramount Competitive positioning is all about how paramount company will differentiate its product in the market as well as create market value for it. This will involve checking on the company’s positioning strategy, market profile, the segment of the customer, SWOT analysis and value proposition. The company offers its consumers with two categories of refill cartridges and non-d isposable razors. The first category is the paramount Pro. This product line is positioned in the product category moderate segment. The second product line is the Paramount Avail. This product is viewed as a value offering. For the past five years, none of the product line has been able to introduce important technological innovations in the market. However, they enabled the company in 2009 to conquer the market leader position in terms of unit-volume. This was in reference to the 23.3% share of retail unit. The company new product â€Å"the Clean Edge† razor has resulted to disagreements in the company among various leaders. Some prefer niche product positioning for the product. This will seek to perfectly satisfy the needs of groomers who are fastidious and highly involved and in need of a powerful shaving experience. Some leaders advocate for mainstream positioning. This aims to focus on the superior advantage of offering its client with close to perfect shave. For exampl e, Rosenberg the Pro manager advocates for the adoption of the niche positioning rather than mainstream positioning. He feels that the adoption of the mainstream positioning will draw off clients from Pro. Additionally, the Pro power will be diluted by such a position and yet it’s the main brand of the company. The end result will be cannibalizing of the company from internal factors. On the other hand, the consideration of the niche positioning will perfectly promote the company’s product portfolio. Kim the corporate company market director argues that, the adoption of niche positioning will only satisfy an individual desire rather than the overall company performance (Quelch Becham, 2011, p.5). As a result of advanced technology, consumers have become more sophisticated and are in dire need of technological innovative products which Pro does not provide. The main reason is that Pro has already reached the maturity stage in terms of product life cycle and it’s expected to decline.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Clean Edge Razor: Splitting Hairs in Product Positioning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the application of the mainstream positioning to position Clean Edge will be valuable to the company. For instance, it will aid in preventing customers that are loyal to Paramount Company from being persuaded by brands that are more innovative. Clean Edge as the company’s new product has the potential of dominating in the market and therefore needs mainstream positioning. Analyzing the non-disposable razor market consumer behavior and segmentation The non-disposable razor market has been split into three based on quality and price. We have the super-premium segment, the value segment and the moderate segment. The super-premium has continuously experienced growth in terms of customer base and sales volume. This is attributed to product innovation in this se gment as compared to the other segments. As a result of innovation, numerous products are available in the market. These are such as the glide strips and lather bar types of non-disposable razor just to mention a few. From the 2009 research study conducted by Paramount, it was clear that there was an increase in the purchase of the replacement cartridges and razors as compared to other years. However, the company executives feel that the cycle of replacement has been affected as results of consumers need to try out products that are new in the market. The consumer intimacy with products varies from one consumer to another. There are those who are loyal to a product and cannot be persuaded to purchase any new product in the market. These consumers in the razor market are labeled as† maintenance shavers† and they are never concerned with any product category. On the contrary, the consumers who are interested in product category can be divided into various groups such as ae sthetic and emotional/ social shavers. These groups are anxious and are willing to act as a guinea pig when it comes to testing of new products in the market. The shavers who are emotional always gain motivation from the overall experience of shaving whilst the other group gets carried away by the outcome of the cosmetics (Aesthetic shavers). The increased demand for super-segment products will increase the sales of Paramount Company as it aims to put its new product† Clean Edge† along that product line. As a result of the introduction of this product into the market, the company will need to channel most of its resources into advertising in order to trigger demand. Arguments for Clean Edge Launching There exist two positions when it comes to launching of the Paramount new product: â€Å"Clean Edge†. There are those who are for mainstream positioning, whereas, there are those proposing the niche product position.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Niche product position: The Company CEO Mr. Randall recommends this position for the Clean Edge product. This is because of its focus on groomers that are fastidious and highly involved customers. These groomers are often pursuing a shaving experience that is more superior. Mainstream product position: This position aims at Paramount advantage of presenting the closest promising shave. In order to come up with a financial forecast that perfectly fits the above options, Randal the Company’s CEO made consultations with the manufacturing and marketing project team. While doing this, the effects of cannibalization were taken into consideration. A hotly contested debate arose whilst a meeting was held with regards to the above product position. This was between the company’s (Paramount) newly hired director of corporate marketing and Pros product Paramount manager Mr. William Kem and Albert Rosenberg respectively. Kim is in charge of the company’s non-disposable razo r group while Rosenberg is in charge of the grooming division. The two managers hold different views regarding the positioning of Clean Edge product. Rosenberg considers niche-positioning strategy while Kim supports mainstream positioning strategy. According to Rosenberg, mainstream positioning strategy will draw away clients from Pro product line. Furthermore, it will weaken the power of the brand (Pro) which is the superior product of the company. In his view, niche-positioning strategy will aid in complementing perfectly the company’s available product portfolio. This view is highly disputed by Kim. He thinks that Rosenberg is interested in fulfilling his desires rather than the company’s interest. Given the fact that the consumers are more complicated thus, expecting more advanced products in terms of technology, then mainstream position is highly recommended for Clean Edge. The use of this positioning will help in preventing Paramount customers that are loyal from being persuaded to consume brands that are more innovative. Therefore, this is viewed by Kim as the perfect positioning as the product has the potential of dominating in the market and mainstream position will help meet the achievement of this goal. Recommendation for Randal regarding the Argument Situation From the above argument, I would recommend Randal as the Chief Executive Officer of Paramount Company to apply mainstream positioning. This is because of its potential in Clean Edge super-premium segment. As a result, the new product will be the men standard shaving and would rapidly gain a competitive advantage in the market. Nevertheless, Randall has to take into consideration the overall company best possible positioning strategy. This is because the mainstream positioning strategy will be highly refuted by Rosenberg the product managers for the company’s Pro’s product. Therefore, Randall has to consider launching the product as a niche product. This should be d one for one year and not more than two years to satisfy Rosenberg and create a good working relationship in the company. Therefore, a simple pro forma should be established by Randall for purposes of identifying the cannibalization impact on paramount product line (Avail and Pro). Additionally, Randall should come up with contingency plans to deal with any challenges that might occur. This will aid in coming up with a decision that is more informed about the positioning of the product and identifying the perfect name of the brand and recommendations on the budget. Brand name for the company The identity of any product is what is known as brand name. It is often specific to a manufacture, a company or a producer. Brand name helps in differentiating similar products in the market such as the non-disposable razor. It is extremely important for a company to own a brand name if a company wants to survive in the aggressive business environment. Therefore, the selection of a brand name sho uld be done keenly. As the product identity and image highly depends on it. Brand name indicates product ownership. Given the current heavy marketing world, very distinct companies sell products that are similar. These products can only be differentiated through the use of a brand name which is unique to a company and easy to recognize. The loyalty of the customers largely depends on the name of the brand. Therefore, these customers will prefer products from a specific company. This is because they are well conversant about their products quality and price. Therefore, I recommend the use of â€Å"Paramount Clean Edge† as it highlights the company as the owner of the product. Market Budgeting Allocations In order to have a Clean Edge successful launch in the market, a significant market budget allocation will be needed. Therefore, for the first year, a total of fifteen million dollars ($15M) will be required for the niche positioning strategy. On the other hand, to maximize on the mainstream position full potential a marketing budget of forty two million dollars ($ 42M) will be required. Therefore, if Clean Edge is launched as a mainstream product, more marketing support will be needed. Despite this being expensive, I recommend mainstream position to be adopted as the market launching strategy. This is because of the underlying reasons. To begin with, the unit volumes for mainstream razors are expected in the first year to capture more than three times the volumes made by niche positioning. As a result, an advertising campaign that is more intensive will be required to capture the wide customer base. Moreover, trade and consumer promotion events will be mandatory and the numerous expenses that will be incurred will be based on volumes. The Key New Product Development lessons learned from the case Analysis From the case, analysis, there are numerous lessons that I have learned. For instance, in order for a company to come up with a new product in the mark et, a group of various experts needs to come together and offer their knowledge. Furthermore, the product should be developed using advanced technology as consumers are becoming more sophisticated. When it comes to market segmentation, there are those consumers who are loyal to a product to the extent that they are not interested in emerging products in the market. A part from the loyal customers, we have those customers who are emotional and aesthetic. These categories of consumers are always ready to experiment with any new product in the market. In a company, arguments are bound to arise when it comes to making decisions regarding the developed product. For example, in terms of positioning, there will be those who will advocate for mainstream product positioning whilst there are those who will go for niche product positioning. Therefore, as a company executive, one needs to do a cost benefit analysis before making any informed decision. A part from positioning, branding can also be a greatest challenge. Before, a brand name can be identified, some arguments have to exist. All in all, what the company really needs is for its product to improve on the sales volume and increase the number of its customers. Reference Quelch, J. A Becham, H 2011, Clean Edge Razor: Splitting hairs in product positing, Brief Cases, 1 (2), pp. 1-10.

Hurricane Etymology and Word Facts

Hurricane Etymology and Word Facts The word hurricane is widely known and recognized by all people, but its etymology is lesser-known. How old is the word hurricane and where does it come from? Hurricanes AreNamed for the Mayan God "Huracan" Our English word hurricane comes from the Taino (the indigenous people of the Caribbean and Florida) word huricn, who was the Carib Indian god of evil. Their huricn was derived from the  Mayan god of wind, storm, and fire, huracn. When the Spanish explorers passed through the Caribbean, they picked it up and it turned into huracn, which remains the Spanish word for hurricane still today.  By the 16th century, the word was  modified once again  to our present-day hurricane.   (Hurricane isnt the only weather word with roots in the Spanish language. The word tornado is an altered form of the Spanish words tronado, which means thunderstorm, and tornar, to turn.)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hurricanes Aren't Hurricanes Until Winds Reach 74mph+ We tend to call any swirling storm in the tropical ocean a hurricane, but this isnt really true. Only when a tropical cyclones maximum sustained winds reach 74  miles per hour or more do meteorologists classify it as a hurricane.  Ã‚   They're Not Called Hurricanes Everywhere in the World Tropical cyclones have different titles depending on where in the world they are located. Mature tropical cyclones  with winds of 74 mph or more that exist anywhere in the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, or in the eastern or central North Pacific Ocean east of the International Date Line are called hurricanes. Mature tropical cyclones that form in the Northwest Pacific basin the  western part of the North Pacific Ocean, between 180 °Ã‚  (the International Date Line)  and 100 ° East longitude are called typhoons.  Such tempests  within the North  Indian Ocean  between 100 ° E and 45 ° E are simply called  cyclones. Hurricanes Get PersonalizedNames to Better Track Them Since storms can last for weeks and more than one storm can be occurring at a time in the same body of water, theyre given male and female  names to reduce confusion about which storm forecasters are communicating about to the public.   Hurricane Names Are BorrowedFrom Names of the People They Impact Many storm names are unique to the basin they exist in and regions they impact. This is because names are lifted from those popular in the nations and territories of the lands within that basin. For example, tropical cyclones in the northwest Pacific (near China, Japan, and the Philippines) receive names common to the Asian culture as well as names taken from those of flowers and trees.  Ã‚   Updated by Tiffany Means

Can you judge a book by its e- cover Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Can you judge a book by its e- cover - Essay Example at the first stage of their evolution, mobile handsets like iPhone are generations ahead and can promote the creative potential of e-books with no difficulty. If we look at the book market, we will see that it has proved to be more flexible than any other consumer sector; there was an overall 1% decline in the entire year 2009. However, sales showed an increase in book-stores and e-book stores like Amazon.com. Digital technology is at its boom in the market; it has started to achieve a real visibility with more affordable e-readers for the very first time, making their headway in sales. I-pod and i-phone occurrence has increased the growth of audio books and more rapidly e-books. At the same time, as digitalization, united with the power of the social web, is also leading to new expansions in self-publishing, all together with downloads and print-on-demand. According to the survey, seven from ten consumers are readers and buyers, among which women are at top, being the key readers, and especially those who are childless and are third agers. On the other hand, man is keen on non-fiction and more likely to buy hardbacks, for knowledge or fo r work (Mintel, 2007). E-books are read on pocket-sized devices known as e-readers which can store up to 350 digitally downloaded books. Retailers as Waterstones and Amazon are now competing to become the primary suppliers of eBooks. Amazon has itself launched kindle e-reader; it has a wireless internet link, similar to a mobile phone that allows the downloading of books and daily newspapers on the go (Sandoval,  McCarthy, 2007). E-readers and e-books continue to grow in popularity. The new world of cyber has made e-books a popular product, and they maintain to gain more attractiveness. E-books are bought and sold online just as products are bought and sold in the offline world. Billions of e-books are sold on the Internet since many years, and many people make a very good living buying and selling these e-books; some are

Answer 4 questions on childhood & adult hunger & malnutrition in Essay

Answer 4 questions on childhood & adult hunger & malnutrition in developed and developing countries - Essay Example in scarcity of food products due to an unsustainable consumption that leads to cases of child and adult hunger in both developing and developed countries (Holtz, 2008). Another cause of child and adult hunger is global warming that has led to the changes in the weather patterns. Global warming has resulted in drying up of fertile land because of the minimal rain experienced that cannot sustain the crops and animals. Malnutrition is experienced as the people can’t eat a quality diet that will be good for their health (Holtz, 2008). One of the remedies to the child and adult hunger in both developed and developing countries is to have equality in healthcare system. This means that the health care system should be accessed for treatment and prevention services in both rural and urban populations. The healthcare system to have equality should also be affordable to the general public to avoid limiting those that have no income. (Holtz, 2008). Another remedy is environmental protection that involves conserving of natural recourses such as forests. The emissions of poisonous gases by industries should also be controlled by setting up laws that will minimize the environmental pollution in the urban cities (Holtz, 2008). The human right â€Å"Freedom from Hunger† is proclaimed in various constitutions worldwide as article 25. It articulates that every individual has the right to access a standard level of living in terms of food, shelter, clothing and health care. The right to food is recognized in general and in specific terms in the international law. That is why the World Food Program (WFP) was established by the UN to undertake humanitarian aid in alignment to the world hunger. This also led to the Freedom from Hunger Campaign that involved the cooperation of governments, NGOs and international organizations (Holtz, 2008). I agree with the human right of â€Å"Freedom from Hunger† as statistics have shown that 13 to 18 million people annually die of starvation and

Use of Literary Elements in Slaughterhouse-Five Essay Example for Free

Use of Literary Elements in Slaughterhouse-Five Essay Slaughterhouse-Five 1993. The true test of comedy is that it shall awaken thoughtful laughter. Choose a novel, play, or long poem in which a scene or character awakens thoughtful laughter in the reader. Write an essay in which you show why this laughter is thoughtful and how it contributes to the meaning of the work. English author George Meredith wrote, â€Å"The true test of comedy is that it shall awaken thoughtful laughter.† Slaughterhouse-Five would have been quite the comedy in Meredith’s eyes, because it is an extremely satirical work. Satire is writing that ridicules human weakness in order to bring about social reform. Ridicule, in this case, is humorous mockery of something, making people thoughtfully laugh about the situations which these characters find themselves in. In the Kurt Vonnegut novel Slaughterhouse-Five, the main character Billy wants only to have a normal American life, but his studies to become an optometrist are interrupted by his being drafted into the army during World War II and, as a prisoner of war, experiences the tragic bombing of Dresden. Then, he begins regular travels to the planet Tralfamadore. He also begins to become â€Å"unstuck in time;† he is time traveling. This essay discusses the use of satire in Slaughterhouse-Five to communicate to the reader the themes which are addressed in the book. In chapter four of Slaughterhouse-Five, satire is used through the comic depiction of a war film depicting the process of dropping bombs, all the way from mining the materials needed to make the bombs, to dropping them, to the planes landing back where they came from (74-75). This film, though, is described as it played backwards, as if somebody is rewinding a VHS cassette. Comic relief is the inclusion of something humorous often to heighten the emotional impact by means of contrast. The war film, when played backwards, conveys a very serious topic, but is lightened by the diverting and comical description of the reverse playing of the film. Comic relief is used to make the reader laugh and pay attention to what in other situations would be a very dry and boring scene, and likely think about it later. This part of the story addresses the destruction of war, a main theme  of Slaughterhouse-Five. By the use of comic relief, the reader is forced not to ignore the scene for fear of having to think about the destruction of war, satirically pointing out the reader’s distaste for tough topics such as the destruction of war. It also explicitly, yet not grossly, highlights the destruction of, specifically, dropping bombs as a wartime tactic. Farce is a comedy characterized by improbable plot situations, exaggerated characters, and broad satire. In Slaughterhouse-Five, one of the many instances of farce is the character Howard W. Campbell, Jr. (128-131). Campbell is an ex-prisoner of war who has turned his support to the Germans and is trying to form a unit of Americans who shift their allegiance to the Germans to fight against the Russian Communists. In his ridiculous and highly symbolic outfit, he tries to appeal to the American prisoners of war his ideas that the Germans are fighting for many of the same purposes as the Americans: against the Communists. Because of the outrageous and funny nature of Campbell, one is forced to think about the rash idealism which he stands for. Farce in this situation is used to denounce the metanarratives that are taught in war. It first emphasizes the craziness of the German ideal, and then the dogmatic wills of the Americans who do anything to reiterate their hatred for Communists. Then, when Edgar Derby, the leader of the American prisoners of war, stands up to speak against Campbell, the section is used to denounce the post-World War I anti-German metanarrative. Black comedy is the combining of morbid and serious topics with elements of low comedy to underscore the senseless futility of life. It is used as a form of comic relief in Slaughterhouse-Five while Billy is on a plane on the way to the convention of optometrists (155-156). His father-in-law asks the barbershop quartet to sing his favorite song. The song is quite comical and uses lots of low humor, such as cursing and parodying Polish accents. This reminds the author of a very serious time when Billy saw a Polish man being hanged in the street during World War II for having sexual intercourse with a German woman. The reader is pulled in by the funny song which is then related to the very serious topic of racial discrimination and hate. This connects to the theme of the terribleness of racial hatred. Irony is something that is opposite of what is meant, what is supposed to happen, or what makes sense. In Slaughterhouse-Five, irony occurs in the Kilgore Trout story about Jesus (109). He is a nobody, and for fun, the Romans crucify him. Then, they realize that he is the son of God and that he was an unfortunate person to kill. This causes the reader to rethink everything they have thought about the the gospel of Jesus Christ and free will, and also to laugh about their ignorance of this new idea of what really happened in the beginning of the New Testament. The theme addressed by this short story is that nobody is completely sure of what is going on, and somebody else such as God must be in charge, thus, there is no free will. Many themes are addressed in Kurt Vonnegut’s novel, Slaughterhouse-Five, like the denunciation of the metanarratives popularized during war, the disagreement with the legitimacy of the destruction of war, the horribleness of racial hatred, and the lack of free will. These topics are discussed in Slaughterhouse-Five through the use of humorous elements such as black comedy and farce. One may choose to think about these very important themes, and maybe they will affect one’s life.

Peace, Prosperity and American Relative Power Capability :: essays papers

Peace, Prosperity and American Relative Power Capability There appears to be in the world an era of unprecedented peace. Contrary to the predictions that the end of the Cold War will bring about the fragmentation of international order and the emergence of multipolar rivalry among atomistic national units, today the world’s major powers enjoy co-operative relations and world economy is progressively liberalising and integrating. The peace and prosperity of the current era, however are sustained by the constant operation of a single factor: American relative power capability (Kupchan, 1998, p. 40). In this paper, a clear foreign policy strategy for the United States of America in Europe and Eurasia will be outlined. Such an outline should be necessarily made from the perspective of American national interests. America is a global power and it has vital global interests. The perception of the global interests of America is shaped by the desired future that the American political elite is envisioning. A viable foreign policy strategy then will be simply the roadmap for achieving, to the greatest extent possible, the objectives which are substantiated by that desired future starting from the present condition of the international landscape. The means to achieve these objectives are determined by the relative power capability that America has at present, as well as the capability self-image in the context of the international landscape of the political elite; its world view. The prevailing world view often shapes the motivations of the decision-makers and consequently determines the perceived foreign policy objectives , as well as the very means to achieve these objectives. Misperception of the behaviour of other actors within the international context leads to erroneous foreign policy motivations on behalf of the decision-making elite, which in turn result in a foreign policy strategy that may be, at best misguided, at worst—catastrophe. That has been the sad, costly lesson from the Cold War—a global low-intensity conflict caused by a mutual misperception of threat with excessively high risk potential for escalating into a thermonuclear war. To downsize the potentiality of similar perceptually-based geopolitical disasters, a clear understanding of the true motivations of the other actors on the international scene is vital. The true motivations can best be outlined through the inferential analysis of the foreign policy behaviour of the other actors. Peace, Prosperity and American Relative Power Capability :: essays papers Peace, Prosperity and American Relative Power Capability There appears to be in the world an era of unprecedented peace. Contrary to the predictions that the end of the Cold War will bring about the fragmentation of international order and the emergence of multipolar rivalry among atomistic national units, today the world’s major powers enjoy co-operative relations and world economy is progressively liberalising and integrating. The peace and prosperity of the current era, however are sustained by the constant operation of a single factor: American relative power capability (Kupchan, 1998, p. 40). In this paper, a clear foreign policy strategy for the United States of America in Europe and Eurasia will be outlined. Such an outline should be necessarily made from the perspective of American national interests. America is a global power and it has vital global interests. The perception of the global interests of America is shaped by the desired future that the American political elite is envisioning. A viable foreign policy strategy then will be simply the roadmap for achieving, to the greatest extent possible, the objectives which are substantiated by that desired future starting from the present condition of the international landscape. The means to achieve these objectives are determined by the relative power capability that America has at present, as well as the capability self-image in the context of the international landscape of the political elite; its world view. The prevailing world view often shapes the motivations of the decision-makers and consequently determines the perceived foreign policy objectives , as well as the very means to achieve these objectives. Misperception of the behaviour of other actors within the international context leads to erroneous foreign policy motivations on behalf of the decision-making elite, which in turn result in a foreign policy strategy that may be, at best misguided, at worst—catastrophe. That has been the sad, costly lesson from the Cold War—a global low-intensity conflict caused by a mutual misperception of threat with excessively high risk potential for escalating into a thermonuclear war. To downsize the potentiality of similar perceptually-based geopolitical disasters, a clear understanding of the true motivations of the other actors on the international scene is vital. The true motivations can best be outlined through the inferential analysis of the foreign policy behaviour of the other actors.

Exchange Rates and Forward Contracts Analyses Essay

The appreciation of the Australian dollar would affect the investor in a positive manner. When the U. S. firm invested in Australian dollar in the Australian money market, consequently the returns would be in Australian dollar, there would be a gain on the side of the U. S firm. This would mean that the return in U. S dollar would be greater after Australian dollar’s appreciation. When the U. S firm has to repay the borrowed money in Japanese yen, it needs more U. S dollars than how much it should have been if the Japanese yen did not appreciate. This means a loss on foreign exchange transaction for the U. S firm. â€Å"Price it now and deliver later† is the underlying concept for â€Å"forward contracts† (Kolb, 2002) protecting parties from possible exchange rate fluctuations. Since Wolfpack expects British pounds to be appreciating, and it is invoicing in this currency, it is better NOT to hedge its exports with a forward contract. Pricing at the current exchange rate means lesser US dollar returns as compared to the appreciated British pounds that can purchase more U. S dollars for Wolfpack in its home country.

Original writing assignment Essay

   It was a beautiful sight, picturesque even, all around were fields of lush green grass with steep hills, deep valleys and evergreen trees. In front of him there was a lake with beautiful sparkling blue water, with beavers going about their daily business, fishes swimming and birds singing. However, as he glanced across to the other side of the lake the boy laid eyes upon an almighty cave. The water on this side of the lake was brown with dead fish floating on the surface. The banks surrounding this part of the lake were simply bare rocks threatening to crush anything with the misfortune of touching them. There were no birds singing or beavers playing. Not a single living thing dwelled on those premises and it was obvious why. Who in there right minds would rather live there than on the stunning view that was just meters from the grim scene? The boy drew his gaze away from the lake and noticed many little buildings with thatched roofs and only one floor. In front of these unusual and certainly old-fashioned buildings stood small families of people all dressed in pretty much the same way. The women wore long brown and white frilly dresses. They all looked like servants. The men also wore brown and white but these were brown tattered trousers and a white V-necked shirt. At a glance down at his attire, the boy noticed he was wearing exactly the same as the other boys that he had seen. He was tired and decided that he should get some rest; a fall from the sky into unfamiliar territory can really take it out of you. The young boy slowly advanced towards the nearest house. He was walking straight towards the 3 people stood in front of it, but the didn’t even seem to have noticed him. The boy was only 20 metres from them now but their gaze was still fixed to where he had first landed. He was now only 10 metres from them and could clearly see every single crevice on their skin. That was then he noticed the boy in front was not only dressed identically to him he was also exactly the same height and build with the same blonde hair blue eyes. He even had exactly the same horseshoe shaped birthmark on his neck. The young boy looked extremely confused and turned to the women in a desperate search for an explanation. To his horror, the woman was looking straight through him. This feeling of horror rapidly swapped itself with a feeling of utter disbelief, he recognised this women but where from. He opened is mouth to ask if she too recognised him. However, as soon as the first letter rolled of his tongue and dissipated into the air the almighty rumbling started again. This was much worse then the soft rumbling he had become accustomed to during his dreams. This was a full-blown earthquake style rumbling. The whole ground was shaking. The voices started again. He could finally make sense of the voices â€Å"Help David, the cave, help† it started of with just the women but very quickly the rest of the people joined in. He finally realised where he recognised that woman from. It was his mum, but it wasn’t. It couldn’t be it had to be a bad dream. The voices were unbelievably loud now. He could not take much more of this. David dropped to his knees willing himself to wake up. He didn’t. Of course, he didn’t: He couldn’t. There was only one thing he could do. The young boy sprinted to the cave, as soon as his size 7 shoes made contact with the cold grey stone the voices stopped, and the rumbling subsided. The inside of the cave was massive. David was standing in what seemed to be an ally. It had a grey floor and red-stone wall. In this alley of a cave ran a small, dirty brown stream. David decided to follow the stream. The silence was deafening. He was right in the centre of his worst nightmares yet the scene he was now living resembled his dreams in no way what so ever. He was expecting an increasingly loud rumble as he became ever closer to the source of all his sleepless nights. However, it was in no way at all like this. All David could hear was the ‘splat’ as his feet slapped against the wet floor. All he could do was walk straight into the caves belly, he could not go back outside, he couldn’t face the screaming. He had to sort this, now, once and for all. The relatively small walk was taking forever, a whole hour seemed to have passed as David walked through the cave however in reality it was closer to a minute. At last, the young boy had reached his destination. It certainly was not what he had expected. He was standing on a floor of grey stone. In front of him was a ring of water. Inside this ring was a small island containing one thing and one thing only; a white, round crystal. A rickety rope bridge hung loosely over the deep murky water. This was the end; he had reached the end of the cave, the end of the nightmares. It had to be something to do with that crystal, but what? David had obviously made his mind up as he cautiously walked to the bridge. He checked the ropes, it seemed secure enough but there was only one way to find out. He raised his foot and slowly but surely placed his foot on to the bridge. As soon as his foot connected with the nearly rotten wood an almightily high-pitched scream pierced through the silence, the rumbling once again shook David’s brain, and a short stab of bright light temporarily illuminated the area before subsiding into a low shimmer. The rumbling didn’t stop, it got considerably worse. The bridge was shaking; water was spraying from the stream in huge waves. He had to keep going, this torture had to end. David lunged and grabbed the crystal. A searing pain swarmed through David’s entire body. A brilliant light blinded him. Everything went white. David could no longer hear the high-pitched screams; he did not feel the ice-cold water flooding over the top of him. The rumbling stopped, so did the screaming and the crystal returned to the dull colourless state in which it started. David was nowhere to be seen.   All this happened 14 years ago. I have been all alone here ever since, still experiencing the same horrific dreams. Although now it’s all changed. You are here. The man thrust his hands forwards, palms out. There was writing burnt into the skin. Help David Our Saviour. Harry Litchfield Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

The Nation Takes Shape Essays - Midwestern United States

The Nation Takes Shape Essays - Midwestern United States The Nation Takes Shape The Nation Takes Shape by Marcus Cunliffe published by the University of Chicago Press 1789-1800 Bobby Earl Ms. C. Love February 12, 1998 The period of time from 1789 to 1839 was an age of growth for the United States of America; the United States grew bigger and better in general, it expanded into the West, and its commerce and industry also grew substantially. This is in part because of the great political leaders such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Andrew Jackson, but also in part of growing national pride and the yearning to become a successful nation. America grew larger and improved greatly in the first half century of its life. The territory of the United States tripled in size as America bought large amounts of property from other nations, and the number of the states in the Union doubled. The population doubled twice from around four million people to almost sixteen million people, and by the year 1840 rolled around. American exports also quadrupled in size to about $80 million dollars in profit. The national debt from earlier years was completely paid off in this time period; a feat that has not been accomplished since. An Army and Navy were established to protect the country, and judiciary, legislative, and executive departments of the government were formed with the ratification of the Constitution of the United States of America. Transportation became much easier in America by 1840. Approximately 2500 miles of canals and 3000 miles of railroads had been constructed. Harbors, lighthouses, and dry docks had also greatly incr eased in number to aid the seafarers. In the first fifty years of its history, almost all parts of America grew enormously, from schools to post offices to forts. America was a becoming a stronger nation in a world of giants. Another area of American growth was the West. As the Constitution was being signed, virtually no one lived on the western side of the Appalachian mountains. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the United States in size, however, and people soon started to expand into the empty space. At first, the thirteen original states argued over land boundaries from the colonial times. Eventually, they all ceded the controversial land to the United States government. The American government soon issued the Northwest Ordinance to deal with the land in the northwest. The ordinance divided up the territory into townships of thirty-six square mile sections. Each square mile would be sold at about $640. The ordinance also set the requirements the territory had to meet to be given a non-voting representative in Congress and to be eligible for statehood. The Northwest Ordinance also outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory. There were other residents of this territory, however. Many Native Americans were pushed out after Mad Anthony Wayne defeated them at Fallen Timbers. Also, Jay's Treaty prevented the British from intervening in the Northwest Territory any longer. This eradication of non-Americans left room for many more people to move west and gave them a more secure feeling of safety. There were quite a few more reasons that people wanted to move out west. One of the reasons was because of the lack of farming land in the east. In the Northeast the soil was too rocky and poor to be able to sustain profitable farms. In the middle states, the soil was being eroded away; the tobacco plantations were ruining the soil in the South. Another reason was because the ideal of Manifest Destiny, the belief that the United States should reach from coast to coast, was becoming more popular. For these reasons and more, the population in the West grew rapidly, and the empty territories quickly became states. Another area in which America grew considerably was in commerce and industry. Before the Revolution, the colonies and Britain had established a relationship in which the colonies would export many raw products to Britain, and Britain would export many finished products to America. After the Revolution, Britain remained the United States' most valuable trading partner, but America also opened up to some new foreign markets, such as those in Latin America, the Mediterranean, and the Far East, areas economically controlled by major European powers. Between the years of 1793 to 1815, wars raged

Word Choice Whiskey vs. Whisky

Word Choice Whiskey vs. Whisky Word Choice: Whiskey vs. Whisky To mark Saint Patrick’s Day, we’re taking a look at a spelling problem with deep connections to Ireland: whether to write â€Å"whiskey† or â€Å"whisky.† So are these terms interchangeable? Or is there a difference? And what does this have to do with Ireland anyway? Let us explain! The Origins of Whisky/Whiskey Whisky (we will default to this spelling to save repeating ourselves too much) is a distilled alcoholic drink made from malted grain. It is widely associated with two countries: Scotland and Ireland. Both have a long history of distilling whisky, but the word itself comes from Ireland. A modern whisky still.(Photo: saxonrider) In particular, it comes from Old Irish term uisge beatha, meaning â€Å"water of life.† This is the Irish version of aqua vitae, which was the Latin word for distilled alcohol of any kind (not just whisky). Eventually, uisge beatha entered English and was anglicized to become â€Å"whisky† or â€Å"whiskey.† Why two spellings, though? This may have started as a matter of regional preference. The story most people tell is that, during the 19th century, Irish distillers wanted to distinguish their product from their Scottish competitors. As such, they started using the spelling â€Å"whiskey† for Irish whiskey. Scottish whisky, meanwhile, became known as Scotch whisky. A Global Drink We see this Irish–Scottish division in modern spellings around the world: The spelling â€Å"whiskey† is standard in Ireland and the US. This is partly because of the large number of Irish immigrants who set up stills over here. â€Å"Whisky† is standard in most other countries, including Japan and India. This is not a strict distinction, though. As such, while â€Å"whiskey† is standard in the US, you will also find distillers who call their products â€Å"whisky.† For instance, Maker’s Mark uses the spelling â€Å"whisky† to recognize the Scottish heritage of company founder Bill Samuel. Whiskey or Whisky? Some people say there are differences between â€Å"whiskey† and â€Å"whisky,† such as the distillation process or the type of still used. Most of the time, though, â€Å"whiskey† and â€Å"whisky† are just different spellings of the same word. And as such, they are often used interchangeably. However, if you want to avoid upsetting drink geeks, remember: Whiskey is the spelling associated with Ireland. Whisky is associated with Scotland (especially â€Å"Scotch whisky†). So the correct spelling depends on where your favored tipple comes from. And if you want a Saint Patrick’s Day drink that won’t cause spelling headaches, you can always try Guinness instead.

Customer Relationship Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Customer Relationship Management - Essay Example According to the research findings learning relations should mature for positive results to be achieved; the use of IDIC enables customization of customer relationship. According to Peppers & Rodgers, IDIC involves several tasks, which can assist an organization to build learning relationship. Identifying customers is very important for a company, since it is easier to know the preferences of that specific customer. Differentiating customers involves identify customers of different levels, and their different needs; indeed, interacting with customers is vital. Therefore, organizations must improve their interaction, which enables the company to identify the needs of customers. Customizing customer treatment involves engaging the customer in a learning relationship, which includes adjusting the company’s behavior to meet the needs of a customer. In addition, use of ICTs enables an organization to research on effective CRM tools, which can foster learning relationships, and as a result, attracting and retaining customers. An organizational chart clearly shows the structure of an organization. As a result, these charts aid in organizing the place of work, by providing managers with departmental information. Therefore, a well-organized structure will definitely boost the customer relationship management through prioritizing on customer needs and fostering healthy interaction with such customers. Below is the Imperial Limited’s organizational chart; this organization interacts with customers daily, as it provides decoration services for weddings and other events. Figure 1: imperial decoration company, organizational chart How should that chart be changed in order to facilitate customer management and to make sure people are evaluated, measured, and compensated for building the value of the customer base? Currently, the company comprises of the chief executive officer, a vice president, and managers in all the respective departments. Generally, managers ’ responsibility involves co-coordinating activities in their respective departments and reporting to the vice president, who reports to the chief executive officer. However, in order for the organization to foster customer value through managing relationships, it must be ready to identify, differentiate, and interact with customers. According to Day (N.d, p.2), organization structures include coordinating mechanisms; however, they should be more customer-focused. Imperial Decoration Company is a service rendering company, where the human resources department deals with employees’ welfare, which includes training, salaries, and annual leaves among others. The marketing department markets the company through advertising, good customer services, and promotion. The accounts department handles all the returns of the company. Competition is increasing and the company needs to

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - Research Paper Example Most common form of congenital heart diseases is defects in septation, atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, stenotic valvular lesions or coronary artery abnormalities (Schoen and Mitchell, 2009). Ventricular septal defects are the most common congenital defects occurring in the human heart.   Ã‚  Defect at the level of ventricle i.e. inter ventricular septum is called ventricular septal defect (VSD). It occurs in 1 of every 500 live births. The main pathology in a septal defect is that left ventricular pressure is higher than the right ventricular pressure resulting in blood flowing from left to right and pulmonary blood flow increases. Clinically ventricular septal defects can be divided into small, medium and large. A small VSD is asymptomatic, a medium VSD presents with fatigue, cardiac enlargement and audible apex beat, whereas, a large VSD presents with pulmonary hypertension (Kumar and Clark, 2009). Hemodynamics  is an important part of the cardiovascular system as it deals with the  forces  that pump the heart. Hemodynamics in an individual with congenital malformation is affected due to the defect. The factors affecting the hemodynamics of a ventricular septal defect are the size of the ventricular defect, pressure changes in right and left ventricular chambers and the pulmonary resistance. A ventricular septal defect may not be evident at the birth of a child because the pressure in the right and left ventricles is equal and there is no shunting. As the pressure between the two ventricles starts to change, shunting also correspond and the ventricular defect becomes clinically evident. These changes do not apply to a patient of Down syndrome in which pulmonary resistance changes do not lead to signs of VSD. In VSD the shunt volume is linked to the size of the defect in the ventricle and the pulmonary vascular resistance. If the ventricular defect is not accompanied by

Communication Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Communication Technologies - Essay Example Then the ethical side of the matter is discussed. Two theories are drawn (Utilitarian and Kantian) to find out is it moral to monitor company's personnel. The third part of the paper is devoted to social responsibility. It is argued that a widespread use of monitoring techniques that intrude into employees' private life indicates the low level of social responsibility among employers, which in fact damages their own business. The section also brings recommendations on how to improve privacy preservation within the company and explains what benefits a company will receive. As the communication technologies continue to develop, the topic of workplace privacy becomes increasingly important. A hundred years ago manager was able to monitor his subordinates only through visual observation and mail check, if a business was related to frequent use of post services. Later, with the spread of telegraphic communication the tension of employers rose up, although it was still very hard for employees to misuse business channels for private purposes. Thus, there was little need in monitoring the use of business communication by personnel. Everything has changed with the development of phone, and later, e-mail. With the ease of access to better methods of communication, employers often use the chance to monitor their employees' activity, justifying their actions as concern for productivity. From the employees' side the monitoring of their phone calls and e-mail messages on the workplace is often perceived as the intrusion into privacy. Consequently, complaints of em ployees drive them to court bringing suits against their employees. So far most of such cases were resolved in favor of employers, as can be seen from examples illustrated later in the paper. The legal side of the matter of workplace privacy is observed in the next section. Law is on the Employer's Side Most of the developed Western countries have a twofold legislation on the monitoring of employees' workplace activity by employers. For example, in the US interception of wire and electronic communications is prohibited (Electronic Communication Privacy Act, 18, USC 2511, 1986). However the same law has some exceptions, allowing employers to monitor business phones and emails of their employees in most of the cases: It shall not be unlawful under this chapter for a person acting under color of law to intercept a wire, oral, or electronic communication, where such person is a party to the communication or one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to such interception. (Electronic Communication Privacy Act, 18, USC 2511, 1986) Prior consent may be given each time an employee uses communication devices, or implied. Nevertheless, "the fact that an employee merely knows that the employer has the capability to monitor telephone conversations is not sufficient to establish implied consent" (Nuterangelo, 2004). An employee must be aware of monitoring. Therefore, every employee that uses communication services belonging to employer is in the same 'party' with his employer, allowing him to intercept every message or call. Moreover, each employee that was informed in some way (e.g. contract agreement) of using work phones or computers for

Music Essays Concept of Music

Music Essays Concept of Music Concept of music Journal Entry for Reading The given article clearly describes the concept of music and has helped me in understanding the music. According to my perception regarding the article, Music is a kind of art and environment. It is an art of transcription of sounds in time for creating a continuous, integrated and resonant composition with the assistance of melody, harmony, rhythm and timbre. It is a combination of pleasing and harmonious sounds. It helped me in understanding the basic constituents of a musical composition. I have become able to understand that it is an eminent part of all the living beings. Music has its presence everywhere, in every creature and in different forms. It provides relaxation to the mind. When I feel very tired and I use to hear music. It provides relaxation and energy to my body. Firstly, I was introduced to music at my school. I learned singing as well as playing harmonium at that time. After that, I learned music at a summer camp. My music teacher was surprised with my understanding of music and the abilities of learning music at a faster pace in comparison to my fellows. I really love music and want to become a singer in near future. For the achievement of my goal, I am working hard towards learning the skills. Journal Entry for Music Controversies The genre of music can be classified into two categories, i.e. good or bad. With the assistance of this, the content of the genre of music can be evaluated. Different kinds of music are present world wide in different cultures. Music differs from one culture to another. The different genres of music act as the web around the culture of the respective country. The music videos forecasted on different television channels are not according to the ethical standards of the society. The videos show vulgarity, which puts negative impact on the society. The growing multinational companies in music industry, and the utilization of independent record labels for the survival in the market by these companies has negatively impacted the young listeners. The young listeners are tending towards excessive use of drugs and violence after watching such controversial music records of rap, rock n roll, etc (Dalton, 2008). In the past few years, there is an increase in the listening of rap music by youths in America, which has led to an increase in crimes such as robberies, murders, rapes, etc. The rap music has led to social and political controversies. The critics have suggested proposing laws against such controversial cases and government has implemented security review for warning labels on records. Tupac was a critic of the system. He revealed the critical situations related to the system in his poetry. His work was mainly focusing on the lifestyles of ghetto and social militant engaged in activism. His lyrics were about the problems existing in the society and the conflicts due to racism. The listening of music is fine, but the images displayed on the television and copying them by the youths and children are the controversial aspects of music. Journal Entry for Movies Music plays a significant role in movies. Whether it is a play, drama, or a movie, all of them are incomplete without musical compositions. We can consider the example of the movie ‘Amadeus’ in which a child has a possession to become a famous composer. The life cycle to become a great composer and the twist in life of the hero are shown with very effective combination of musical tracks. The movie shows the courage of the director towards the life of Mozart and becomes successful in producing curiosity in the viewers towards music (Amadeus, 2008). In the movie ‘Dearly Beloved’, spiritual music has been composed by the composer and the movie shows a romantic mixture with musical lyrics. Music is present everywhere from the ancient time and it is integrated to nature. The movie ‘Phantom of the Opera’ is composed with classic silent version of the music, which shows a visual percept for the movie. The movie also presents a musical mystery. The basic requirement of any movie is an effective combination of sound effects with musical compositions. Music composed in the movies is the auditory art form, which can make the movie successful. The creativity of musicians and composers makes the music records successful in the industry. Journal Entry for Music in Puerto Rico African and European formation of music has a great influence on the music of Puerto Rico. It is famous world wide and mostly in the Caribbean region. The music of Puerto Rico has different genres, such as native genres: decimal and seis, and folk music genres: salsa, rock, danza, bomba, plena, etc. Each genre produces different and unique pitch and tone. The musical composers utilize different genres for composing music of movies related to love tragedies, and different stories conveying moral lessons. There are various radio stations in Puerto Rico. Among them, only one radio station carries classical music. The rap and hip hop music genres negatively influence the society. The criminal activities and actions increase in the society. The people will deviate from the cultural values and loose their old traditional roots (Welcome to Puerto Rico, 2008). The music industry of Puerto Rico must have to concentrate on its native and folk music genres instead of external music genres from different countries. The youth should be motivated towards learning classical music and promoting the original music genres of Puerto Rico world wide. The culture of Puerto Rico is mainly shaped by the music. The music of Puerto Rico has evolved out of the combination of other cultures with a distinctive tone of music. Thus, the Puerto Rican music should focus on its traditional music to bind the people and the cultural values in the society, as contemporary music has provided many popular stars like Ricky Martin, Olga Tanon, etc. with name and fame in the world of music. References Amadeus (2008). Retrieved August 23, 2008, from http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086879/ Dalton, C. (2008). Controversy between Rap Music Society. Retrieved August 23, 2008, from http://www.writing.com/main/view_item/item_id/1320365 Welcome to Puerto Rico (2008). Retrieved August 23, 2008, from http://welcome.topuertorico.org/culture/music.shtml

Fall of Constantinople :: World History

Fall of Constantinople By 350 A.D., Constantinople was one of the world's greatest capitals. The city was located between Asia and Europe, making it a very diverse and strategic place. The many bodies of water surrounding the peninsula gave Constantinople many trade routes as well as protection. The famous walls were also built to further strengthen security. Constantinople eventually rose to a beautiful city of strength and wealth. Its Greek heritage separated itself from the West with their religion of Eastern Orthodoxy. Despite the power of Constantinople, unending attacks and problems would eventually weaken the city. The first major catastrophe took place in 542, when a plague struck and killed massive amounts of people. The recovery was very slow, and it allowed for countless attacks. For Constantinople, however, it was just the beginning. Justinian ruled the Byzantine Empire during its height. His military faced strength from the East that greatly endangered his people. The Sassanian Empire of Persia was one threat that Byzantines needed to conquer. The Persians endangered eastern lands, so Justinian's military prevented any conquest. The Sassanians were defeated and security was briefly gained. After his success, Justinian wanted to regain lands the Roman Empire once lost to invaders. Byzantine armies began a reconquest of Spain, Italy, and North Africa. Battles against various Germanic groups took place, and western lands were conquered by the Byzantines. The wars were expensive, and resources were low. Defense became weak and territories were lost increasingly after Justinian's death. During the early 700s, the Byzantine Empire was in turmoil and chaos. As Leo III took power, Constantinople was being attacked by Avars, Bulgarians, and Arabs. The Arabs from the Middle East were a main concern for Leo III because of their large conquests in the Asia Minor. The Arabs advanced to spread their faith of Islam and control resources. The Arabs slowly acquired land until their siege on Constantinople itself. Leo III made brilliant defense moves to stop the invaders. His military forces attacked the Arabs from the rear successfully while naval forces were repelled with Greek Fire. Greek Fire was the empire's secret weapon that may have saved them from the Arab siege. Arab ships would burst into flames from contact with the "liquid fire." Fighting continued for a year until the Arabs retreated. Constantinople was defended successfully, but the empire suffered heavy losses and continued to loose land. The era from about 1025 to 1453 witnessed the Byzantine Empire in its ultimate destruction.

Differentiating Work And Keeping Learners Motivated

The Entry to Employment ( E2E ) programme is a roll-on/roll-off class designed to supply a tract for 16-18 twelvemonth olds who are non in instruction, employment or preparation ( NEETs ) towards employment or farther instruction. As many of these scholars have non been in any kind of instruction for some clip due to exclusion or other barriers to their acquisition, they may get with a deficiency of apprehension of their ain abilities, current degree of cognition and, frequently, larning troubles that may or may non hold been identified antecedently. Using instance surveies of pupils that have been anonymised, this paper will analyze ways in which work can be differentiated for pupils, peculiarly those with larning troubles, in a group that has a broad scope of abilities. It will besides look at ways to actuate scholars affected by their ain realization that they may non be at the same degree of their equals to work towards makings at their ain criterion. Main Body Over the last 2 old ages I have been learning pupils in the Foundation Department of East Riding College where I have taught scholars with mild larning troubles and other barriers to larning. In this clip the section has besides taken on the proviso of an E2E class which has been developed to offer NEETs a path into farther instruction, apprenticeships or employment. The purpose of the class is to develop the scholars ‘ basic literacy, numeracy and ICT accomplishments and besides supply other topics that will heighten their employment and societal accomplishments to a degree that would be acceptable to an employer. Although E2E Entitlement Curriculum states that: Some immature people may come in E2E with larning troubles and disablements or may come into E2E at below entry degree. The function of E2E for these scholars, and their advancement and accomplishment through the programme will necessitate to be carefully negotiated. Every consideration should be taken to guarantee that immature people are non placed permissively on E2E because their behavior or demands may forbid them being placed elsewhere ( LSC, 2006, p.6 ) . It has been my experience that some scholars that are referred to E2E arrive with larning troubles that are non statemented or have ne'er been identified because the scholar has non been in any kind of instruction for some clip due to exclusion from school or other barriers to instruction. As Petty, observes: â€Å" Each scholar is alone and has single demands. If the demands of our scholars are discovered and met, the opportunities of success are greatly increased † ( Petty, 2009, p.530 ) . So it is indispensable that initial and diagnostic appraisals are carried out for each of the scholars every bit shortly as possible to place any acquisition troubles and enable schemes to be put into topographic point to supply support for the pupil. Motivation, as with all instruction, is an of import factor that affects scholars on the E2E class. Scales points out that â€Å" Everyone is motivated to larn ; it ‘s portion of what it means to be human. † ( Scales, 2008, P. 237. ) , but besides clarifies that â€Å" Learning is natural ; instruction, unluckily is n't. † ( Scales, 2008, p.238 ) . In the instance of many E2E pupils, although â€Å" street wise † due to life experiences, farther formal instruction would non hold been envisaged in their ain hereafter. They have small or no intrinsic motive to take up analyzing and comply with class demands. Whereas intrinsic motive in instruction can be seen as a desire for the pupil to larn for their ain demands and involvements, extrinsic motive is frequently a major portion of larning utilizing the proviso of wagess, competition or countenances ( Harkin et al. 2001, p.67 ) . Although extrinsic motive can be utile when set abouting boring undertakings, it is evidently more desirable for a pupil to develop an intrinsic motive to larn. Self-efficacy, as described by Bandura, in his societal cognitive theory is â€Å" the belief in one ‘s capablenesss to form and put to death the classs of action required to pull off prospective state of affairss † ( Bandura, 1995, p. 2 ) . He besides states that a individual with strong self-efficacy will develop strong intrinsic motives towards undertakings and involvements ( Bandura, 1994 ) . Initially many of the pupils are placed on the class by Connexions. As it is non ever their ain pick to re-join instruction, their lone motive to fall in the class appears to be extrinsic, for illustration in the signifier of Education Maintenance Allowance or as portion of a tribunal order. Much has to be done to actuate these scholars and many extrinsic incentives need to be applied such as congratulations and encouragement or physical wagess ( e.g. cocoa ) . A peculiar characteristic that I have observed is that although the college is in an mean sized town with several secondary schools, most of the scholars know each other due to being placed in assorted Work Related Learning or Pupil Referral groups. This can take to a peculiar type of de-motivation as new scholars join the group. This is where a scholar does non understand their ain current degree of cognition and apprehension of a topic due to the fact that they have been out of instruction for some clip and they see that their equals may be set abouting work of a higher degree than them. The scenario tends to be: because their friend is making a certain degree of work, they excessively want to make work at this degree. They so find that they are non able to make the work because of their current capablenesss and so become de-motivated because they believe themselves inferior. With respect to Reece and Walker ‘s version of Maslow ‘s hierarchy of basic human needs as appl ied to the schoolroom, ( Reece & A ; Walker, 2007 ) , self-esteem is lowered and so motive is affected. O'Brien and Guiney province that: ‘Differentiation is non about trouble-shooting. It is a construct that has to be seen in an inclusive manner, using to everyone ‘ ( O'Brien & A ; Guiney, 2001, p. nine ) . Of class, attending should ever be paid to the distinction of work for pupils in all categories, but for the ground mentioned above it is peculiarly of import that work is differentiated for these scholars so that their self-pride is non affected. Case 1- Student J. J. joined a new group with seven other scholars. He had travelled around the state with his household and so did non cognize any of the other scholars. On his application to fall in the class he stated that he had no acquisition troubles. His initial appraisal consequences showed that he was Entry 1 for literacy and numeracy where the other scholars were Entry 3 to Level 1. J. was upset when in the first category he was given a diagnostic numeracy trial at Entry 2 when other scholars were finishing nosologies at a higher degree. In treatment with J. it appeared that he may hold had dyslexia as he described some of the authoritative marks such as seeing drifting words and composing words backwards. He explained that he had ever thought of himself as stupe and blamed himself for his hapless literacy and numeracy accomplishments. Following a showing within the college, it was confirmed that J. did hold dyslexia and schemes were put into topographic point to back up his hereafter larning such as the allotment of a Learning Support Advisor to work with him when required. This was the initial measure in so happening ways that work could be differentiated in ways that suited J. When developing worksheets for a category, it became of import that if separate worksheets were appropriate for different degree pupils, all sets would take to the same replies or decisions. For illustration, higher degree scholars may be asked to compose an reply in a few sentences, whereas J. may be given multiple pick replies or a cloze exercising. The of import thing being that when, as a group, we could travel through work and J. would experience confident giving replies along with his equals. Mentoring was besides good to J. He would frequently understand things better if he was helped by one of his equals. Because of this, J. would work good in little groups with peculiar scholars doing certain that the groups were chosen carefully. There has been a definite alteration in J ‘s self-efficacy. Gross states that â€Å" this is brought approximately best through existent experience in confronting antecedently feared or avoided state of affairss † ( Gross, 2009, p.832 ) . J. appears to be developing an intrinsic motive to larn and is now meaning to travel on to a foundation degree class. Case 2- Student B. B. has many barriers to larning including behavioral jobs and a deficiency of appropriate societal accomplishments. B. knew many of the scholars in the group that she was fall ining and instantly wanted to make the work that they were making despite the fact that her initial appraisal had shown her to be at a lower degree of ability than her friends were presently at. It was explained to B. that she needed to work at her literacy accomplishments to achieve the degree that they were at ; after all, they had been on the class for some hebdomads already. B. did non understand this and refused to make any work that was below the degree of her equals. When given the work above her current degree, she became riotous in category due to the fact that she was unable to make the work. B. had old bad educational experiences which had, in portion, led to her exclusion from school. She had non been in instruction since the age of 11 and so her basic accomplishments were hapless. B. did non hold any farther acquisition troubles other than her societal and emotional barriers to acquisition and so schemes to actuate her rich person had to be developed. As with J. distinction has to be applied to results every bit good as the work that is devised for B. When work was set for B, it shortly became evident that she responded good to praise when she had completed undertakings good. Often she would hotfoot to hold her work marked before go oning with other undertakings. B. besides responded good to kinaesthetic acquisition manners and she enjoyed games such as lotto and card games. It became obvious that she was profoundly satisfied by the feedback she received and that this provided her motive. Behavioural theory provinces that when a stimulation is applied a right response should be rewarded and wrong responses should be discouraged. Thorndike ‘s â€Å" Law of Effect † , would look to use here where the satisfaction that a reward brings increases the desire to make the same once more in future ( Child, 2007, p.164 ) . Decision Although it may be already hard and clip devouring to develop lessons for these groups any jobs are exacerbated by the fact that the scholars may get and go forth at any clip during the roll-on/roll-off programme. This means that it is indispensable that diagnostic appraisals are completed instantly to determine accomplishment degrees, larning manners and any learning troubles or disablements. O'Brien and Guiney point out that â€Å" Sometimes teaching troubles are manipulated and become identified as larning troubles † ( O'Brien and Guiney, 2001, p.20 ) . This should non be allowed to go on. The development of intrinsic motive within scholars is a mark for all instructors but it can non ever be achieved when pupils are non receptive to larning. Extrinsic motive is frequently a major portion of the rhythm and should be used consequently. It can be seen that there is a definite demand for distinction in a group that has many scholars at differing degrees and abilities. It is highly hard to seek to learn such a group and keep motive if the undertakings are non adapted for single scholars and their educational demands.