Comparative Essay †Macbeth Essay

Both texts, William Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Shakespeare retold: Macbeth directed by Mark Brozel contains parallel themes and subtle differences in concerning matters like purpose, context and language. Both texts thoroughly explore Macbeths unlawful rise to power and his inevitable downfall. With power he becomes corrupt, a bloodthirsty tyrant and a victim of his own success and the use of imagery, language and stagecraft in the play infuse to create malevolent and malicious image of Macbeth. With the ideas of manipulation and ambition, he becomes ruthless, and his vision is fogged with ambition. This idea of ambition ultimately determines the fate of the texts characters. The statement â€Å"power is the catalyst for corruption† is clearly suitable for Shakespeare’s Macbeth. In act one scene 3, Macbeth meets the three witches; from this moment in the play onwards, Macbeth has an insatiable lust for power. The supernatural element of the use of witches to expose the Macbeth and Banquo’s prophecies builds on the idea of darkness and supernatural both representing the imagery of evil. The witches reveal to Macbeth he will become â€Å"thane of glamis†, â€Å"thane of Cawdor† and the last shocks him the most â€Å"all hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter†. Banquo was also revealed a prophecy that he will be â€Å"not so happy, yet much happier† and â€Å"thou shalt get kings, though thou be none†. Banquo continues to warn Macbeth â€Å"oftentimes to win us to our harm, the instruments of darkness tell us truths.† This demonstrating Banquo’s lack of ambition as he takes no more thought about the prophecies revealed. Although for Macbeth, develop an indecisive mind, conflicting against his conscience. Macbeth reveals â€Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition† revealing that he cannot spur himself into action, but his only motive for murdering the king is his‘ vaulting ambition’ to have the prophecy true. Macbeth’s ambition fuels his thirst for power. Similarly in the Shakespeare Macbeth Retold, the exploration of supernatural themes is revealed through the three garbage collectors who reveal similar prophecy’s to Joe that the restaurant will have 3 michellen stars and that the restaurant will become his. The supernatural and imagery of evil are portrayed through the film through the use of low lighting and mysterious  sound effects foreshadowing evil and mysterious elements. Like the play the garbage men’s prophecies ignite Joe’s ambition to take over the restaurant and have him recognized as head chef. Although Billy, resembling the character of Banquo, explains to Joe â€Å"it doesn’t matter that no one knows it’s us, we no, that’s all that matters† this revealing billy to be a much more simple, honest and harmless character, who unlike Macbeth and his wife did not challenge his own fate, therefore did not corrupt himself. He did not allow other forces to interrupt his ambition s, leaving the characters of Billy and Banquo to determine their own fate. Therefore proving that the ambitions of these characters throughout both texts, has an effect of whether they become corrupt or not. Furthermore another theme thoroughly explored hand in hand with ambition is that of manipulation causing the possibility of corruption. Throughout the play, Lady Macbeth’s manipulation is demonstrated through Shakespeare’s use of antithesis, where something such as Lady Macbeth’s innocent baby is compared to a murderous deed. The use of antithesis highlights the extremities and persuades Macbeth into the foolish act of murdering the King. Although in the Shakespeare Retold, although Ella is seen manipulating Joe into the crime claiming, â€Å"you do this and we win everything†, her demise is clearly represented through the use of symbolism in the film. Ella’s earlier acts of manipulation were fuelled by her ambition for Joe to run the restaurant. Although after the crime has been perpetrated, she begins a slow slide into madness. In various scenes she is seen to be vigorously scrubbing her hands clean. Symbolic of her regret as she tries to escape t he reality of her actions. Her sensitivity becomes a weakness, and she is unable to cope. Signaling her total inability to deal with the legacy of their crimes, and the film shows her jumping from the restaurant rooftop, proving her corruption. Another example of manipulation also comes from theme of the supernatural in the garbage collectors who assured Joe a sense of security proclaiming, â€Å"Pigs will fly before anything happens to you†, eluding Joe to the belief that he was untouchable. His first signs of corruption are represented in the kitchen where he becomes angry and demonstrates qualities of insanity,  yelling at fellow chefs reminding them â€Å"whose the head chef here?† â€Å"I run this kitchen, mine is the only voice†. This demonstrating Joe’s new use of power. Similarly in the play the three witches return to Macbeth, with three apparitions. The first warning him of Macduff, the second, reassures his power, and the third explains he shall never be vanquished until Birham wood comes upon Dunsinane. The witches for a second time had manipulated Macbeth into believing he to be invincible and that no body can harm him. Thus causing Macbeth to view people merely as removable objects in his ultimate conquest for victory, as he continues to murder his best friend Banquo and Macduff’s family. This proving that Macbeth being crowned king, has caused him to become even more bloodthirsty and is able to dispose of people without consulting lady Macbeth, proving his corruption leading to his eventual death. In conclusion, throughout both texts, the characters ambitions ignite there crave for power. For the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, it is obvious by their actions that they became blinded by their ambition for power and authority, leaving them corrupt. Therefore proving power to be a catalyst for corruption.

Rothschilds Fiddle

Jackson Weeks Harold English 101 1-31-13 Chekhov’s Use of Futliarnost to Develop Yakov and the Importance of Morals in â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle† Futliarnost, a Russian literature theme which is often present in Anton Chekhov’s short stories, is when a character is encased in a situation and can not escape. In â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle†, Yakov is entrapped in an almost trance like state, that is brought about by loss and remorse in his life. â€Å"Is Yakov ever released from this state, through Marfa’s death, or any other instance and does Chekhov intend for the reader to see one single moral in this story? Chekhov uses irony and ambiguity to develop Yakov â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle† into a deeper character as well. Chekhov uses one particular irony which is central to this short story. Yakov is evidently depressed for much if not all of his life, as he is always worrying about his income and his wasted opportunities in l ife. But ironically he is arguably more depressed and miserable after he realizes how meaningless his whole life has been. It is at this point when he is finally more alive than he has ever been, but because he is looking back on his life he wants to die more than ever.Yakov â€Å"reflected that death would be nothing but a benefit; he would not have to eat or drink, or pay taxes or offend people, and, as a man lies in his grave not for one year but for hundreds and thousands, if one reckoned it up the gain would be enormous. A man's life meant loss: death meant gain. † With this realization it can be said that Yakov only becomes more depressed. This is sad to see because as a reader we finally see someone that finally has much about life figured out, but it is in his last moments, and he is more miserable than ever.Chekhov Weeks 2 uses this passage to help develop the sense of futliarnost even more than it already is. Yakov was already trapped in a state of depression, knowi ngly or not, and when he finally realizes this at the end of his life he only becomes more depressed. The change that comes about because of this further misery is negative, as Yakov finally realizes many, if not all, of his faults in life yet he is at a point in his life where he can no longer change his ways enough to make up for all of his past mistakes.This is the point in which a moral can be deduced. Perhaps a moral of live life so that you have no regrets would be appropriate. But we must ask ourselves if Chekhov meant for a moral to be brought away from â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle†. Based on the writing style it is safe to assume that a moral is applicable. Chekhov gives â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle† folk like qualities which suggest there is a moral. Although this moral is very cliched, it certainly applies to Yakov. It is not saying live life with no regrets, rather live life so that you will have no regrets.If Yakov had treated Marfa better and not yelled at her and not caused her pain he likely would not have been as miserable in the end as he was. But it is also worth noting that some of the most beautiful music came about because of one mans suffering, and made many other lives better. Chekhov is intentionally ambiguous here, as he likely does not mean to only teach one lesson through this story. There are many lessons that can be taken away, and this is one of the beautiful things about Chekhov’s writings, especially â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle†.Etymologically, the word ‘ambiguity’ means being able to push something from both ends [ambo-ago] and also, figuratively, to think about something in two different and even irreconcilable ways (Pazzagli 1505). Chekhov has many ambiguities in his writings in order to leave much interpretation up to the reader. The reader must decide whether to accept both meanings of a statement or choose between the two. Based on which approach a reader uses, the Wee ks 3 same passage can have completely different meanings. One example of this ambiguity comes when Marfa dies.Chekhov writes that her face turned â€Å"rosy with fever, unusually bright and joyful-looking† In this excerpt Chekhov states that Marfa is sick, and also that she was joyful. Perhaps she was just rosy from the fever, or more likely just relieved that she was finally going to be released from her dreary life of being frightened by Yakov, mistreated, and not appreciated. Even though Marfa only has a small presence in the text, she is a great tool for Chekhov. She is used to bring up Yakov’s past. Marfa says â€Å"Do you remember fifty years ago God gave us a little baby with flaxen hair?We used always to be sitting by the river then, singing songs . . . under the willows,† and laughing bitterly, she added: â€Å"The baby girl died. † Yakov did not remember his baby from years ago. Yakov had shut out most of his past, and only thought of profit and losses. However when Yakov later goes and sits beneath the tree and finally remembers their child, the reader is not ever sure as to whether he actually remembers the child, or if it is just a figment of his imagination. Another ambiguity is when Yakov leaves the cemetary after Marfa’s burial it is said that he didn’t feel well.However it is never clarified if he is physically ill, or emotionally ill. If Yakov is only emotionally ill and ends up dying from this it would indicate that Yakov is much more deeply connected to Marfa than has previously been shown. This would perpetuate the theme of loss, because if he was extremely close to his wife, then her loss is only that much more painful to him. Loss is surely the main recurring theme throughout â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle†. Yakov in the beginning is complaining about lost profits, and lost work time, which in hindsight seem petty, compared to the loss of his wife, and the loss of the memory of his child .After Yakov’s epiphany it is apparent that he has felt remorse over the loss of the wrong things. If he had not been so interested in money he might have spent more time with his wife, and treated better, and he would Weeks 4 have perhaps had a better relationship with her. Chekhov is said to be the father of the stream of conscious writing style, which follows a character’s thoughts. With Yakov this becomes particularly interesting after the death of Marfa because we see just how miserable his life becomes.We see Yakov sitting on the riverbank, beneath the tree just thinking back on his missed opportunities and his lost and forgotten child. Later we see just how sorrowful Yakov has become, when he is just sitting in his doorway playing his fiddle, producing mournful tunes. The stream of consciousness writing style also puts emphasis on the change that takes place in Yakov. The reader sees how Yakov transforms from miserable because of his own losses, to miserable bec ause of the loss of others. Yakov follows the pattern that many of Chekhov’s characters set before him, by bringing attention to Russia’s changing landscape.One thing that Chekhov shows subtly in most of his works was his appreciation of Russia’s natural environment (Quinault 33). Chekhov voiced his sadness at the destruction of ancient hardwood forests in his short story, â€Å"Rothschild's Fiddle† (1894) and, more prominently, in his major plays. (Quinalt 33). In â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle† Chekhov writes â€Å"On the other bank, where now there was the water meadow, in those days there stood a big birchwood, and yonder on the bare hillside that could be seen on the horizon an old, old pine forest used to be a bluish patch in the distance.Big boats used to sail on the river. But now it was all smooth and unruffled, and on the other bank there stood now only one birch-tree, youthful and slender like a young lady. † Even though this is only a small part of â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle† it shows some of Chekhov’s interests outside of literature. Perhaps Yakov realizes the loss of this forest and this is just one more loss to go along with all of the other losses that have happened throughout the story. Yakov is in a depressed state throughout the story, both before Marfa’s death and after. Weeks 5Even though her death was the big event of the story and what made Yakov realize how miserable his life had been, it still was not enough to release him from the feeling of misery he was trapped in. It was just enough for him to realize how miserable his life had been before and send him deeper into depression because he realized he had lost Marfa, who was the one thing in his life he truly should have cared about. The significance of drawing this conclusion is that we see Chekhov following his usual pattern of a character being entrapped for the whole story, and still not escaping.One ambiguity t hat the reader is left with is that of whether a moral can should be deduced. Since Yakov produced some of the most beautiful and sad music. Even though Yakov was in such a miserable state his whole life, his music was beautiful and brightened other lives, It can be argued that no moral was meant to be drawn from â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle†. Perhaps one could go on to research Chekhov as a writer and see if he typically consciously included some style of moral in his stories. Weeks 6 Works Cited Pazzagali, Adolfo. â€Å"Ambiguity. † International Journal of Psychoanalysis . 3. 6 (2012): 1505-1508. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. Quinalt, Roland. â€Å"Chekhov and Conservation. † History Today. 60. 2 (2010): 32-34. Web. Chekhov, Anton. â€Å"The Literature Network. † Rothschild's Fiddle. N. p. , 10 Mar 2005. Web. 4 Feb 2013. Note: I still do not have Microsoft Word and I attempted to indent my long quotes 10 spaces on GoogleDocs but I was not able to without inde nting the whole paragraph that the quote was contained in. This is why I left quotations around my quotes.. If you must take off for this I understand, but if you could be a little lenient that would be great!

Call money and commercial bill market

Call money and commercial bill market Global Financial Market As all the Financial Markets in India together form the Indian Financial Markets, all the Financial Markets of Asia together form the Asian Financial Markets; likewise all the Financial Markets of all the countries of the world together form the Global Financial Markets. Financial Markets deal with trading (buying and selling) of financial securities (stocks and bonds), commodities (valuable metals or food grains), and other exchangeable and valuable items at minimum transaction costs and market efficient prices. Financial Markets can be domestic or international. The Global Financial Markets work as a significant instrument for improved liquidity. Financial Markets can be categorized into six types: Capital Markets: Stock markets and Bond markets Commodity Markets Money Markets Derivatives Markets: Futures Markets Insurance Markets Foreign Exchange Markets The Financial Markets play a major role in the Global Economy because it helps busi nesses to raise capital (in capital markets), they facilitate transferring of risk (in derivative markets), and they help international trade (in currency markets) to prosper. The International Stock Markets form a major part of the Global Financial Markets. The Amsterdam Stock Exchange is the oldest stock exchange, which started operating in continuous trade in the earlier part of the 17th Century. Some of the Important Stock Exchanges of the world are: The New York Stock Exchange (merged with Euro next): The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is a stock exchange based in New York City, USA that was incorporated in 1817. In terms of dollar volume, it is the largest stock exchange in the world, and in terms of the number of companies listed it is the second largest stock exchange in the world. The NYSE is also known as the Big Board. The indexes used in the NYSE are the NYSE Composite Index and the Dow Jones Industrial Average Index. The NYSE functions under NYSE Euro next, the format ion of which was the result of NYSE’s merger with Archipelago Holdings and Euro next. Tokyo Stock Exchange: The Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), incorporated in 1949, is located in Tokyo, Japan. In terms of monetary volume, The Tokyo Stock Exchange is the second largest stock exchange in the world, only next to New York Stock Exchange. The indexes used in the TSE are Nikkei 225, Topix, and J30. NASDAQ: The National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations, or NASDAQ, is an electronic stock market based in New York City, USA that was incorporated in 1971. The NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc. is the owner and regulator of NASDAQ. The main index used in NASDAQ is the NASDAQ Composite. London Stock Exchange: Established in 1801, the London Stock Exchange (LSE) is one of the oldest and largest stock exchanges in the world. In terms of market capitalization, the London Stock Exchange was ranked 4th among all the other important stock exchanges in the world in March 2007. The London Stock Exchange is located in Paternoster Square near St. Paul’s Cathedral, London. The stock market index of London Stock Exchange is the Footsie (FTSE). Euro next (merged with NYSE): Founded in 2000, Euro next N.V. is a pan-European Stock Exchange, which is based in Paris. In terms of market capitalization, Euro next ranks as the fifth largest stock exchange in the world. There was a merger of Euro next with the NYSE Group, which led to the formation of NYSE Euro next and it is the first global stock exchange. The main indexes used in Euro next are the Euro next 100 Index and the Next 150 Index. The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE): Located in Mumbai, India and founded in 1875, the Bombay Stock Exchange is the oldest stock exchange of Asia. The main index of BSE is called the BSE Sensex (Sensitive Index) or the BSE 30. In terms of volume of transactions, the BSE was ranked as one of the top five stock exchanges in the world in 2005. Some terms that are used in t he Global Financial Markets are: Geek, a Quant Grim Nerd, a Quant Quant Big Swinging Dick Rocket Scientist White Knight Today equity research has become a specialized activity, although confined to a very small segment of the market. It would be a little early to consider equity research as an independent business segment, but at the same time it must be appreciated that the value of equity research is being felt by the market. This is an interesting stage in the growth and development of equity research, especially in a situation where the traditional individual investor is unwilling to pay for vital stock related information while the institutional investor is already paying for research reports. The phenomenal growth of the financial markets over the last quarter of a century has meant that the very character of investment has changed with ever larger scales of market capitalization. The emergence of the Fund Manager as a new value addition in investment r elated financial services is actually a part of the growth and development of the institutional investor. The fund manager’s sole objective is to ensure maximum returns for his clients whose money he invests working in tandem with research inputs. The fund manager and his client are a vital part of the institutional investment process sustained by an advanced and research driven approach to capital market investment. Equity research still has some time to develop as a sustainable business model, but like any other research activity it has its limitations in developing into a booming business. Institutional investors are willing to pay ever higher amounts for in-depth and precise research in accordance with their requirements. Some of the modes of equity research are:

Performance Analysis and Improvement in Sports Development and Assignment - 1

Performance Analysis and Improvement in Sports Development and Coaching - Assignment Example That is where the relatively new performance analysis discipline comes in. Well known over the last decade and made possible by digital photography and advances in IT, (PA) performance analysis is now recognized as an assistance to performance improvement at every level (Jones, Hughes and Kingston, 2009). Essentially, performance analysis is about forming a reliable and a valid performance record by systematic observations’ means that can be examined with regard to facilitating modification. Alike methods are used by the two disciplines in data collection and both depend on IT for data examination. However, the most salient thing they commonly have is measured observation use after or during an event to enumerate performance in a valid, reliable and accurate way (Hylton and Bramham, 2007). Trainers may desire to question Performance Analysis’ need as an isolated activity, given that analysis and observation clearly create a crucial component of the process of coaching as outlined in example 1 below. The actuality is though that even as trainers are likely to be experts at analyzing and observing performance, the study has pointed to harsh human limitations contained by these processes. Two significant studies have drawn attention to problems on memory retention, with trainers able to remember only 30-50 percent of principal performance issues they had observed, even with exceptional observational training (Hughes and Franks, 2004). The process of coaching itself is not flawed necessarily, but it is apparent that the analysis phases and observation of this procedure have severe restrictions. Although several skilled trainers are capable of anticipating events and make suitable changes for performance influences, even the finest are prone to human mistake, leading to incorrect decisions; hence the requirement for an organized PA approach within the practice of coaching, use of valid and dependable performance data to evaluate and monitor performers.  

Summery and your opinion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summery and your opinion - Essay Example Economists have proposed changes in the business sector. The proposed changes are mainly targeting large businesses with the aim of transforming them into entrepreneurship. Transformation of an organization from a knowledge-based organization to an information-based organization is not achievable with only data processing. The attempt by the British to establish an information based organization in the modern India proves the idea (Drucker 45). The impacts of computer technology in business are the first evidence of the inevitable transformation of knowledge-based organizations to information-based organization. Coca-Cola Company is an example of a company that is still in the transformation process. Recently the company has automated its production plants using information system. The best way to measure the benefits of computers in business is through an analysis of technology as a capital. This implies that we need to determine expected rate of return, payout period and the investment’s expected productive life, discount present value of returns, cost of deferment risk, cost of risks resulting from failure and the opportunity cost (Drucker 46). The rate of data processing has been linked with the transformation of knowledge-based organization to information-based organization. The British experience in India however proves that advanced data processing is not adequate to create an information-based organization (Drucker 48). An organization’s capacity to process data determines its structure and this is the second effect of the transformation. Data gives information the required relevance however the process of transforming data into information depends on knowledge. The most appropriate definition of knowledge is based on specialization and therefore it is not easy to separate information from knowledge. Similar to the knowledge-based organization, an information-based organization requires specialists. In addition, there are more specialists

Tackling substance misuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Tackling substance misuse - Essay Example Background One of the more pressing issues in health care intervention is the issuance, administration or prescription of drugs for patients. There has always been a continuing challenge about dispensation, dosage, supervision, as well as effect on patient so that medical practitioners, pharmacists, and their team have to be wary of several considerations prior to any action that relies administration to the patient or his / her immediate carer, or even in controlled setting. Reaction to drug or substance misuse vary leading to ideologically driven approaches in medicalization, treatment, decriminalisation, and even use of the criminal justice for quasi treatment. Other propositions such as harm minimisation and harm reduction were also considered with the understanding that use of substance is inevitable (Bevan, 2009). People with severe mental illness, group of individuals with complex needs and a varied range of problems are usually the concern for ‘dual diagnosis’ an d co-morbidity related to substance misuse or abuse. It was suggested that many problems related to substance misuse are linked to ill-prepared services that deal with these conditions. Bevan (2003) observed that Public Health treatment for substance misuse should understand that those who receive treatment are of chronic and frequently relapsing condition. Perception of treatment should move away from an individualistic approach to an understanding of the many and varied relationships as part of treatment rationale. Focus should also be given on minimising the harm associated with drug use. Prescribing policies for opiate replacement should also be considered instead of abstinence as prescribed doses of methadone have demonstrated positive results. â€Å"The reduction in drug related deaths, as a result of the reduced frequency of accidental overdoses, and the wider population health gains when treatment and interventions are flexibly delivered is further evidence that the health of populations can be improved with public health based strategies for substance misuse,† (Bevan, 2003), P 19). People should not be seen as failures when relapse occur for substance misuse. Various conditions influence substance misuse and these should be taken as a whole and not in part to fully understand the patient as well as provide a more effective and holistic intervention approach. Likewise, Bevan (2009) noted that curing should not be the focus as an over emphasis on moving people on, through and out of treatment usually results in the revolving door phenomena. Substitute prescribing has been offered a possible solution to address issue on substance misuse. Engaging the individual as member of a wider society and members of dynamic social groups with families, friends and acquaintances should be a public health consideration in addressing this issue (Bevan, 2009). Substance Misuse and Problematic Drug Use Problematic drug use and misuse occurs when individuals experi ence a range of unwanted and negative consequences as a result of their drug use (Brown, 2007). Problems may be social, psychological, physical or legal resulting from regular or excessive consumption, intoxication and/or dependence on any substance. The National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse (2002) observed that these individuals often attempts to achieve stability or abstinence but relapse is usually a problem.

Product or brand success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Product or brand success - Essay Example In this case, exiting investments can be accelerated, eliminated or de-prioritized. Again, the resources within the business can be allocated or re-allocated to active investments. Normally, portfolio decision approach is characterized by changing and unforeseen information, vibrant opportunities, various objectives and strategic considerations among many others. Also, a variety of decision makers and locations are considered. In determining product success, portfolio management incorporates or ignores a number of decision making approaches in the business. These include periodic evaluations of the all portfolio investments, making of decisions with regard to individual projects on a continuous basis (Product Success 7). Similarly, there is development of new product process characterized by a complete resource distribution decisions. Apart from decision making and resource distribution, new product portfolio control deals with future opportunities and events. However, there is a lot of information needed to make the best out of investments. First, there is need to understand that product portfolio control focuses on future chances and events. Therefore, most of the information needs to make investments selection decision process at its best. Secondly, the decision environment is a very vibrant one. The status and opportunities for investment in portfolio are continuously changing with the introduction of new information. Thirdly, projects in portfolio are at various stages of completion, although all the projects are competing for resources so that comparisons are made. Finally, resources to be distributed across the projects are restricted. A verdict to finance one project can mean that resources are not accessed by another and resource sharing between projects is not completely seamless. There are four major goals in portfolio management that leads to product or brand success. Actually, the goal that an individual wishes to focus on mainly is the one that will eventually determine the choice of portfolio approaches. These objectives include: Value exploitation Balance Strategic course Right number of investments With regard to value maximization, the main objective is to distribute resources with an intention of maximizing portfolio value. This means that the projects are selected so that the sum of values are maximize that are related to active projects. On the other hand, balance deals mainly with the development of balanced approach to realize the desired balance. For instance, the relevant balance in terms of permanent short term projects versus long term projects must be attained. Strategic direction as part of t he main objectives ensures that apart from all the other factors, the ultimate project portfolio truly gives a reflection of business approach. This should mean that the breakdown of using funds across markets, projects among other investments is closely related to business strategy. In relation to the right number of projects, most organizations have several continuing projects for the limited resources that are available. Therefore, an overriding objective is to make sure that a balance is reached between resources needed for the main projects and resources that are available. Product or brand failure In contrary to product success, product or brand failure means that the product in the market cannot meet the customer needs in the market (Hlavacek, Maxwell, and Williams 33). Marketers understand that they are supposed to maintain a steady

Wheat Seed Treatment in Australia Research Paper

Wheat Seed Treatment in Australia - Research Paper Example Seeds are subject to attacks not only externally but also internally as fungi or bacteria may attach to their coating or even within eventually causing plant diseases. The dangers that threaten seeds are present during storage and after planting. The soils upon which seeds are planted also contain fungi and bacteria that could harm them and the degree to which they could endanger seeds depend upon the condition of the soil at the time seeds are planted, which do not favour fast germination. Seed treatment had been practiced as early as 60 A.D. when seeds were treated with wine and crushed cypress leaves to deter insects from destroying them while in storage (Munkvold et al. 2006 7). Also, during the Egyptian and Roman periods sap from onion was used; in the Middle Ages, chlorine salts and liquid manure, and; in the 1600s, hot water started to become a ST method, one that is still being used even to this day (Australian Seed Federation 2010). The earliest treatment for wheat seeds was accidentally discovered in the 17th century when a ship carrying a load of wheat grains sank. When grains that got soaked in the seawater were recovered from the sunken ship and were planted they produced plants that have less bunt or stinking smut than the usual crops planted using ordinary seeds. Thus, soaking seeds in seawater became one of the earliest treatments to seeds to prevent bunt until in the year 1750 a Frenchman discovered that salt and lime can control bunt in wheat significa ntly. The advent of the mercurial compounds in the 1920s, although later banned, had revolutionised contemporary seed treatment (Munkvold et al. 2006 7).

Marketing Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Communication - Essay Example These marketing strategies includes the slogans â€Å"How are you† and â€Å"Power to who†, video, television, newspapers, banners and magazines, Vodafone VIP, Freebee rewardz, corporate social responsibilities, company website, social media and Sponsorship of racing competitions. On the other hand, T-Mobile emulates social media sites including MySpace, Twitter and You Tube and the slogan ‘Life is for sharing’ to attract its customers. The marketing campaign of the Vodafone has created a positive image on the public thus increasing the company sales and profits. This paper provides recommendations as to how T-mobile can employ various marketing strategies with an aim of enhancing its IMC thus increasing its competitiveness. Introduction Based on stiff competition that companies are faced with in the local and international markets, marketing and brand managers are using all the means to ensure that they attain strong relationship with their consumers. Some of the major strategies that firms emulate in order to attain a competitive edge include improvement of quality of their brands, effective distribution of their products, appropriate pricing of products and effective communication with their customers. Based on the improved technology and the cut-throat competition in the business arena, companies have started to emulate the improved communication system to lure their customers and retain strong positive customer-brand relationship. Integrated marketing communication (IMC) refers to the marketing strategies that are undertaken by marketing managers involving various disciplines such as promotion, advertising, public relations and social media among others to attain to increased customer awareness and loyalty. Other vital aspect of IMC is that it entails effectively coordinating different means of promotion to attain a competitive edge and face off the company rivals. This paper seeks to keenly discuss the marketing communication st rategies and mix adopted by Vodafone and T-Mobile, two of the major mobile service providers. Additionally, the paper will provide recommendation on the strategic marketing and branding tools that T-Mobile can emulate to effectively face off Vodafone in the market. Market Review As the demand for communication among local and international companies increase, mobile services market has attracted large number of telecommunication firms as each one of them is geared towards expanding is customer base. With the growth in the mobile telecommunication industry, competing firms have taken initiatives to control their local market and then adopt more extensive marketing strategies to enter the global market. Some of the main competitors in the mobile services market include Vodafone, O2, Orange, Virgin and T-Mobile among others. Being the second largest mobile telecommunication company after China mobile, Vodafone is a British based company with over 440 million subscribers. Apart from bei ng a leader in the UK market, Vodafone operates in more than 30 countries. Some of the notable services that Vodafone has introduced in the market include Vo

Dante Inferno (by Anthony Esolen) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dante Inferno (by Anthony Esolen) - Essay Example Hence, it is interesting to ask the question, â€Å"If Dante had written the Inferno today, who would he have placed as sinners in the different rings of hell?† Who would qualify, indeed? If there was anyone who epitomized lust, it is Hugh Hefner. As the founder of Playboy Magazine, Hefner bragged that â€Å"I have slept with thousands of women, and they all still like me† (Hylton, â€Å"What Ive Learned: Hugh Hefner†). Indeed, being someone who was able to—and at 83 years old still able to—get scores of famous and sexy women to pose nude for a magazine, to expose everything that they have kept hidden and to go to bed with him, with multiple partners at the same time, Hefner is someone who can be expected to appear in the second circle of hell—if it is made a reality. Hefner believes that â€Å"Sex is the driving force on the planet. We should embrace it, not see it as the enemy† (Hylton, â€Å"What Ive Learned: Hugh Hefner†). And he made people believe in this too, with Playboy being one, if not the, of the most popular magazines that caters to men’s sexual fantasies and fetishes. Not only has he lived the life of a lustful, but he has also encouraged others to follow suit. He even admitted the fact that he masturbates when he is alone, although, he says that this rarely ever happens (Hylton, â€Å"What Ive Learned: Hugh Hefner†). The fact that he admitted this even makes masturbation sound cool as it is coming from Hugh Hefner, who is idolized by a multitude of men. It can undeniably be said that Hefner is someone who is a slave to his desires and to carnal pleasure. Indeed, he is a â€Å"carnal malefactor† to the very core of his being. And thus, it is undoubtedly appropriate for him to be flogged by a violent storm, together with the rest of the lustful. â€Å"The infernal hurricane that never rests; Hurtles the spirits onward in its rapine; Whirling them round, and smiting,

Individual Assignment Essay Example for Free

Individual Assignment Essay Determine which level of measurement— nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio—is used in the following examples. The Association of Accountants is conducting a survey to determine the ranking of the top 100 accounting firms in the world. Ordinal How many years did it take you to earn your college degree? Ratio On a questionnaire which asks for gender, males are coded as 1 and females are coded as 2. Interval Respondents are asked to rate a list of high-tech companies as excellent, good, fair, or poor in terms of their service delivery. Ordinal Cereal brands are arranged in an ordered sequence in which an equal interval exists between each point. Interval LeBron James wears the number 23 on his jersey. Nominal The length of time it takes the winner of a marathon to cross the finish line. Ratio Students are asked to rank computer manufacturers. Interval The brand of charge card used by a customer. Nominal The pin number used to access your checking account. Nominal Which sampling method—simple random, systematic, stratified, cluster, convenience, judgment, quota, or snowball—is most appropriate for the following examples? The unemployment rate is calculated each month by the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The survey consists of 50,000 households in about 2,000 counties and cities in all 50 states. Simple Random A researcher for Kraft Foods selects five states randomly, and then selects 10 supermarkets chains within each state to call for a phone survey as test markets for a new cookie. Quota A new pr oduct researcher would like to investigate the use of virtual teams. After conducting an interview with a manager, she asks for the names of other managers that use virtual teams. Convenience A news reporter asks people on the street their opinion about the president’s new bill. Snowball Jamie select Denver, Colorado; Chicago, Illinois; and San Diego, California as test markets for a new potato chip line base on her experience with these markets. Judgment A researcher instructs field interviewers to interview customers of different cell phone companies in a nearby shopping mall so that they each interview 10 ATamp;T, 8 T Mobile, 6 Verizon, and 4 owners of other cell phone providers. Convenience The Consumer Price Index represents a sampling of 90,000 items from 364 categories, chosen from 20,000 retail stores in 85 geographically distributed areas that are chosen to be as similar as possible. Cluster A finance professor wants to know how many MBA students would be willing to take a course in international finance this summer. She surveys students in the class she is currently teaching. Convenience Which hypothesis-testing procedure would you use in the following situations? The mean time an American family lives in a particular single-family dwelling is 11. 8 years. A sample of 100 families in the Sycamore, OK area shows the mean time living in a single family residence is 12. 7 years. Can we conclude that the time people live in Sycamore is significantly more than the national average? One Sample Z-Test A researcher would like to know if there is a significant difference in clothing purchases between full-time working women, part-time working women, and women who are homemakers. ANOVA Eighty percent of those who play the state lottery never win more than $100 in one play. A sample of 500 players was drawn and the mean winning was $125. One Sample Z-Test A drug manufacturing company conducted a survey of customers. The research question was as follows: Is there a significant relationship between packaging preference (size of the bottle purchased) and economic status? There were four packaging sizes: small, medium, large, and jumbo. Economic status was categorized as follows: lower, middle, and upper. Regression Hypothesis Test A company has 24 salespeople. The test must evaluate whether their product knowledge has improved or remained unchanged after a training program. T-test of dependent samples A computer company has a brand loyalty rating of 6. 8 on a 7 point scale. Is this company’s rating significantly different from the industry average of 6. 4? Two-tailed One Sample T-Test The manager of an office supply store wanted to determine which color folders she should discontinue based on low sales. The colors stocked were black, blue, red, green, and purple. ANOVA

Master Student Strategies Multiple Choice Questions Essay Example for Free

Master Student Strategies Multiple Choice Questions Essay Which of the following is not a strategy of a master student? C a. Setting short term goals b. Setting long term goals c. Assessing your positive traits d. Avoiding an open? minded approach to problem solving 2. Completing self? discovery exercises assists students in C a. Assessing employment locations b. Assessing computer programs c. Assessing themselves as students/employees d. Assessing travel itineraries 3. Characteristics of a master student include B a. an unwillingness to change b. a willingness to take responsibility for actions in one’s life c. extreme focus on one’s grades d. positive attitude 4. The three sensory modes of learning discussed in class include: B a. Vivid, action, knowing b. Visual, auditory, kinesthetic c. Vital, anxious, kinesthetic d. Verbal, auditory, kinesthetic 5. When exhibiting master student strategies, one might demonstrate all of the following except: C a. Avoiding â€Å"thinking outside of the box† b. Self direction c. Optimism d. Goal setting 6. The term â€Å"metacognition† is defined as: C a. Learning about objects b. Learning about science c. Learning about learning d. Acting without thinking 7. There are four questions connected to the modes of learning. They include all of the following except: D a. Why? b. What c. How? d. When? 8. Strong self motivation encourages all of the following except: B a. Changing one’s mind b. Ignoring goals c. Comparing benefits d. Requesting help 9. When attempting to bring about change in one’s behavior one should not consider: D a. Affirmations b. Requesting help from friends c. Starting with minor changes d. Setting unrealistic goals 10. Strategies for time management include all of the following except: D a. Monitoring work related tasks b. Setting a stopping time c. Maintaining a clear desk or work area d. Procrastination True/False Questions 11. Mnemonic Devices may not assist one in recalling information Flase 12. There is only one approach to becoming a critical thinker False 13. Successful students should try to connect their learning style to their education and their future career choices. True 14. Spending time with someone who demonstrates the types of success strategies that you are trying to implement is probably not a good idea. False 15. Feeling uncomfortable in a learning situation is not a normal part of the learning cycle. False 16. Motivation may result from clarifying one’s goals and acting upon them. True 17. Learning styles may be connected to study strategies that can be used to help a student succeed in a course. True 18. Visual learning means one is focusing on the kinesthetic section of the learning styles 19. A benefit of keeping a journal during the semester is that it may allow one to write about the connections between courses being studied. True 20. In an effort to become a master student, one should try to make predictions based on the strategies one has learned and check to see if his/her life experiences coincide with those predictions. True 21. Time is considered to be a renewable resource. False 22. Becoming aware of one’s particular style of procrastination may not assist in changing one’s behavior. True 23. Graphic signals are used to enhance a student’s class notes Flase Short Answers: 24. Please describe four characteristics of a master student. Provide specific examples of how these characteristics may be demonstrated. Set goals, achieving the goals in the time frame. Be able to manage time effectively. 25. Decision making skills are important for master students. Please explain how one may improve his/her skill at making decisions in life. By setting goals for their self.

Comparisons Between Malaysia And United Kingdom Cultural Studies Essay

Comparisons Between Malaysia And United Kingdom Cultural Studies Essay Food is a necessity. Everyone needs energy from the food to support their body. Human taste buds are divided into five categories, which is sweet, sour, bitter, salty and umami. Umami is a taste bud that discovered by the Japanese. It is a taste bud for meat. Umami may not be famous in Western country but it is very famous in Asia country. Every country may have different taste of food because the spices used in every country are different. Culture of a country is one of the factors that affect the food presentation. Food presentation is very important. If the food looks nice, it can increase your appetite. Cooking technique is also known as culinary arts. Cooking technique and tools will affect the texture of the food. Different country will like different texture of food. The texture of food will affect the appeal of eating it. Therefore, food from different country will have different taste, presentation, and texture. 2.1.1 Breakfast Breakfast is consumed in the morning. It is the first meal of the day. Usually people will take more carbohydrate for breakfast because we need a lot of energy to go through the day. In Malaysia, most of the people will take nasi lemak and teh tarik as breakfast. Nasi lemak is one of the signature dishes in Malaysia. However in United Kingdom, people will take fried egg, sausage, toast, bacon, baked bean, and orange juice as breakfast. It is also known as British breakfast or English breakfast. The English breakfast is now one of the most popular breakfasts in many countries. 2.1.2 Dinner Dinner is consumed at night. It is the third meal and mail meal of the day. Dinner also consider as the largest meal of the day. In Malaysia, nasi campur (Malay mixed rice) is a very popular food for dinner. Nasi campur is a dish of rice topped with various types of side dishes. People love it because there is lots of choice for the side dishes. The price of nasi campur is reasonable yet delicious. Therefore, many people take nasi campur for their dinner. While in United Kingdom, fish and chips is the signature dish. It is a dish that originated in the United Kingdom in 1863. Fish and chips is still now the most well-known and favourite dinner at all times. This is the food in Malaysia and United Kingdom and we can see that the food in United Kingdom is very different from Malaysia. Hence, the food has its own uniqueness and cannot be compared. Everyone will love eating the food no matter where are you from. 2.3 Language Language is a tool that enables people to communicate with each other, understand what people are trying to say and interact with each other. It is very important because it helps people communicate with each other in this world although languages have different dialects. Language also important for a people to survive, without language we could not understand each other. There are so many languages in the world such as English, Mandarin, Bahasa Melayu, Spanish, Latina and Italiano. 2.3.1 English English is an official language, which means almost all the country in the world understand English. There are so many countries are using English to communicate such as Australia, United Kingdom, United Stated and Pakistan. Most of the country used English in official business, government and legal contract, there are about 375 million people speak in English. In Malaysia, English has been combined with other languages due to different religion and culture. The most common language speaks in our country is Manglish. Manglish is a combination of English and Bahasa Melayu. The pronunciation and essence is different from British English. Malaysian speaks English has their own slang, for example, `dont want lah, ` nah, take this. Although Malaysian speaks Manglish, they are still writing and spelling using British English. Therefore, Manglish is only understandable in our country Malaysia. In United Kingdom, modern English is used to communicate. Modern English is an international language, and it can be understand by everyone in the world. The pronunciation and essence of modern English is more correctly. Modern English do not have the suffix such as lah and loh. Besides that, people usually speak modern English instead of other languages to deal with the international business. 2.3.2 Mandarin Mandarin is the most popular language in the world. Mandarin is originally spoken by Chinese and most of them are come from China, Beijing Every country has developed their own dialects, but it still understandable by people from other regions. Mandarin is spoken in many countries such as Macau, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Malaysia. Nowadays, mandarin is the main language of government, education and media in China. There are 870 million people who speak in Mandarin. In Asia, China is the most powerful country; hence, people will look for the business opportunity at there. In this case, it will also cause so many people to speak in Mandarin. In Malaysia, people speak mandarin with different pronunciation because they are influenced by many dialects such as Hokkien, Hakka and Hainan. The reason is because Malaysia has different culture and religion. There are much more people speaks mandarin compare to United Kingdom as the population of Chinese in Malaysia is bigger. In United Kingdom, most of the people speak in English instead of mandarin. This is because Chinese population in United Kingdom is few. Language is a tool for people to communicate and to understand other people better. Therefore, there will be less argument in the world. 2.5 Culture Culture is a natural process for identity of a human being which can learn from their families and friends. It is also a learning process of behavior and ways of people living in their life. Then, culture is a complex tool that every people need to learn to survive in a society and through interact with others in the world. Culture developed by many reasons such as faith, beliefs, practices, way to live, economy, intelligence, language and food habits. Culture is important for the existence of a society, because it unites people together. Therefore it is also vital to establish discipline and an order in a society. Culture enables people share a specific language, behavior, beliefs and traditions and gives people an identity which makes them special and unique. Different country has different culture as they have gone through many circumstances and experiences. Hence, this circumstances and experiences will affect the culture of a country. 2.5.1 Festival A festival is a period of time which is set in the calendar for feasting and celebration. It is also means an event which is celebrated by a society for a memorable day or some unique aspect of the community. Festival is important because it reminds important events. Every festival has different significant and useful meaning. It also encourages people not to forget their culture by celebrating the festival. By celebrating festivals, we can release stress from a hectic work, spend more time with family and friends, and carrying the message of the past generations to the future. In addition, we can also enjoy the traditional food when we are celebrating the festival. The festival which is celebrated in Malaysia is Hari Gawai and Wesak Day. Hari Gawai is a festival which is celebrated by the communities in Sarawak. This festival is for religious and social occasion, thanks giving day and a season for new farming. Gawai is also an occasion for fun and parties. Besides that, Wesak day is celebrated by Buddhist, it is a birthday of Buddha. People usually go for bathing the Buddhas ceremony. The water is poured over the shoulder of Buddha. They belief it can purify the mind of evil. While in United Kingdom, the festival such as Easter season is celebrated by the Christian. At the Easter time, usually have two public holidays, Good Friday and Easter Monday. Easter is the time for festivals, holidays and a time for giving chocolate Easter eggs. This festival is the oldest Christian festival, the celebration of the death and coming to life of Jesus Christ. On the day of the festival, parents usually bring children to community Easter-egg hunt. During the festival, Easter egg and chocolate are given as a gift. 2.5.2 Religion Religion is a strong belief in gods. The moral rules in religion can help to build good civilizations. People who believe in religion will think wisely before doing a decision. It also encourages people to help others such as needy. Religion has gives us hope and eases the pain when we faces any problems. In this case, it also teaches us to become superior and not afraid of everything. Religion can be spread from a country to another through colonization, marriages between two different races and friends. In our country Malaysia, there are three main religions which is Islam for Malays, Buddhist for Chinese and Hindu for India. The major religion in our country is Islam, because the population of Malays in Malaysia is the biggest. There is 60.4% of the people in Malaysia are Islam. Islam belief in gods which is called `Allah and the identity of helper is known as `Muhammad. The main holy book that Islam belief is Quran and the original languages is Arabic. Apart from that, the practice of Islam is they pray at mosque every Friday. Besides that, the religions in United Kingdom are Christian, Islam, Hindu, Jediism and Buddhism. While the major religion in United Kingdom is Christian, this can be proven as there is 71.6% of the people in United Kingdom are Christian. Christian belief in the trinity, they are three person in one Godhead; father, son and holy spirit. Then the helper of Christian is called Holy Spirit and main holy book is bible. The original language is Greek. Other than t hat, the practices of Christian are they do their praying in church every Saturday or Sunday. Culture is something that very interesting. It is part of our identity. Therefore, our life will be completed with culture. 2.6 History History is something that has past. It is a study or a subject for us to remember the human past. History also provides human nature and human civilization. It is important for us to study history because we can always learn from the mistake or something good from the past. We must make sure that we will never repeat the same mistake again and again. History has made us who we are today. It is part of our identity because it tells us the place that we came from and how we develop and become today. Besides, history made us improve so that our society will become better and better. 2.6.1 Monument Monument is a structure to remember a person or an important event which is important to our society todays to remembrance the past event. It is a beautiful or amazing structure. It is used to increase the appearance of the location. Therefore, the place has become a tourist area. In Malaysia, we have National Mosque (Masjid Negara). Malaysia gained its independence on the 31st August 1957. The National Mosque is a symbol to remember the independence of Malaysia. While in United Kingdom, Edinburgh Castle is one of the most famous monuments. There are many conflicts happen in this castle. It is the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh. 2.6.2 Monarchy Monarchy is the leader or ruler of a country. A monarchy has unlimited political power. They are the head of the country. It is a person that can always make todays a history. They have power to make a lot of decision for the country and people. They are a very influential person. In Malaysia, we have Yang di-Pertuan Agong XIII Al-Wathiqu Billah Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah. He is the king of Malaysia. Only male can be a ruler in Malaysia. However, the ruler in United Kingdom is a female. She is Queen Elizabeth. The queen of United Kingdom. Therefore, the biggest different between United Kingdom and Malaysia is the gender of the ruler is different. Our life will be incomplete without the history. Therefore, history is definitely an important subject to us. 2.7 People People are referring to the citizen of the country. Each country will have people with different characteristics because there are receiving different types of education. Therefore, their point of view will be different. This will affect the personalities of a person. Besides, their interest, opinion, activities and attitude of living will be different because they are influence by the culture of the country. The government also plays an important role toward the behavior of the people. How the government works will affect the decision making of a person. Therefore, the people is different from other country is based on many reason. People between these two countries can be different from the population and races. 2.7.1 Population Population is referring to the number of people living in a country. The population in worldwide is about 6,697,254,041 people. The population in worldwide is increasing every year. The country with the largest population in worldwide is China with the percentage of 19.5 % of world population. In Malaysia, the population is estimated to be 28.96 million. It is about 0.4324 % of world population. While in United Kingdom, the population is estimated to be 61.8 million. It is about 0.9228 % of world population. There are huge amount of different in population between this two countries. The population United Kingdom is estimated to be 46.86 % more than the population in Malaysia. 2.7.2 Races Race is to classified human into group based on their languages, culture, belief, and social practices. In Malaysia, we have three main races. It is Malays, Chinese and Indians. Malays are the ethnic majority in Malaysia and they compose the largest population. The Malays are all Muslim. There are originated from Palembang in Sumatra. Most of the Chinese steps into Malaysia in the 18th century and most of them are from Fujian and Guangdong in China. It is the second largest race in Malaysia. The third largest race is Indian. Most of the Indian located at Kuala Lumpur. There are originate from Southern India and most of them are Hinduism. While in United Kingdom, most of them are white. They are 91.3 % of the total population in United Kingdom. South Asian is the second largest ethnic group which makes up of 4.4 % of the population in United Kingdom and followed by the Black people with 2.2 %. The population of Black and Asian people in United Kingdom is growing and for the first time that the population of Black and Asian is more than the White in certain area. We should accept and treat everyone the same. We should not be bias by the race of the people. 3.0 Conclusion Malaysia is very different from United Kingdom. The differences between these two countries are food, transport, language, weather, culture, history, and people. The technology and the traffic system in United Kingdom are far greater than Malaysia. However, Malaysia has many kinds of languages and interesting culture that we cannot find in United Kingdom. Every country has it own uniqueness. Therefore, we could not make a judgement that which country is better. Travelling to United Kingdom we can learn and gain knowledge to improve our home country. We should open our eyes and mind set to accept new things. There are a lot of are food, transport, language, weather, culture, history, and people waiting for us to explore. Hence, travel is the best way of doing it. However, many people may think that United Kingdom is better than Malaysia. But whatever the difference that is, we still love our home country, and will never think of leaving it. Besides, we love everything in Malaysia. For example, the food in Malaysia, the transport we use, the language we speak, the hot weather, the interesting culture and history and the people in Malaysia. It is the things that familiar with us. Malaysia will always be the roots in our hearts.

From Korea to Harvard :: College Admissions Essays

From Korea to Harvard My experience at the international science festival festival last summer was definitely one of the best times I've had. The ten days I spent in Seoul, South Korea, were not just about traveling to a foreign country or even about learning science. To me, the festival was more about meeting people and understanding their cultures. The opening ceremonies of the festival immediately ignited my excitement. I was surrounded on all sides by students from all over the Pacific Rim: Australia, New Zealand, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, Japan, and of course, Korea. It's hard for me to describe how moved and amazed I was to see so many people of so many different backgrounds brought together in one place. All of us were so different and yet so similar. We were brought up and shaped by completely different forces and experiences, but all of us shared a common love-science. I was fascinated to observe in a group setting the contrast between the overly accommodating nature of the easterners and the stronger emphasis on individualism of the westerners. During a group project on creating a model city, I remember the easterners busy building police stations and apartment complexes. A couple of westerners, on the other hand, suggested including a sports stadium and a golf course-options obviously not on the agenda of the easterners, who, however, hesitated to say "No!" I suggested that we could replace the stadium with an airport, an idea quickly accepted by all. This experience showed me that different cultures don't have to conflict but rather can compliment other cultures in finding a better solution. The closing ceremonies were to me the best example of the cultural awareness fostered during the festival: on the first day, almost none of the Americans were brave enough to try the kimchi and mystery meat that was served to us; by the end of the festival, however, all 500 students were singing the APEC theme song together at the top of their lungs. I was completely immersed in culture, diversity, and new ideas for ten short yet extremely fulfilling days. From this experience, I realized that seeing other cultures allowed me to learn more about my own, as it enabled me to understand mine from a different perspective. My experience at the APEC festival helped broaden my perspective and showed me a glimpse of just how many possibilities and ideas there are in the world.

Korean Comfort Women Essays -- History Korea Japan War Essays

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Learning to Control My Obsessive Behavior Essay -- Personal Narrative

Learning to Control My Obsessive Behavior Reflecting on my childhood, I realize that I must have been the only eleven-year old to receive ulcers and migraines on a regular basis. From what the doctors informed me, these medical problems were not from lack of sleep or nutrition but from excessive stress, the kind of stress that middle aged people endure due to their job, kids, or even taxes. The interesting thing is that my home life was perfectly secure. I couldn't have asked for a better family. My mom raised me as a well-rounded individual as she had me constantly involved in clubs, sports, and music. I had many good friends, and even attended a safe school. Despite all of these factors, I insisted on worrying myself sick daily. I would be compulsive and obsessive about every little detail in life such as, my dog needing a flea bath, my neighbors getting along, or losing material possessions. I would be compulsive and obsessive about every detail in life. I demanded cleanliness and organization at all times. This meant tha t if things were not done clean around the house, than without question, I would clean it myself. I would work on my homework until it was totally finished, even if it meant staying up all night. Though my sports and friends were a form of release and relaxation, I was never able to reach this point without being subconsciously concerned with other things. My primary concerns in life were beyond petty. I distinctly remember a day when I was at the elementary level. I was going to have a friend over after school for the first time. From the moment I woke up until she left my house, I was constantly fretting on my house being clean enough, and if she was having fun. I tried so hard to make a good impression ... ...while still having a wonderful day. Two years ago I would have never considered being spontaneous before finals week and now I am having the time of my life while successfully squeezing in the boring stuff. We may think a change such as this may disrupt that perfect GPA or cause one to get into trouble. Though for me, these changes are for the better. I have reorganized my priorities, and I can make more carefree decisions about how I spend my time. I know now that life is so abundant with random opportunities and beautiful people. We must soak up every experience that comes our way. Education isn't always about studying for a letter grade to impress the parents. I intend to study abroad next year and while putting my educational skills to use, I plan on adding to my lifelong memory book and practicing that "we'll cross that bridge when we come to it" attitude.

Why Do Students Often Drop Out of College?

STUDENTS DROPPING OUT OF COLLEGE As we know that, the Vietnamese society has changed so much for the past decade, which causes some positive effects as well as negative issues in the education system. Some research has shown that the rate of students dropping out of college has been increased remarkably recently. There are some possible reasons causing this issue, which will be discussed in form of objective and subjective point-of-view in the following part. First and foremost, from the objective point-of-view, some colleges or universities have their illegal accreditation or license expired after a period of time.Raffles Ho Chi Minh City – College of Design and Commerce, as a particular example, has its bachelor degree programs unaccepted by Ministry of Education and Training in Vietnam at the beginning of 2012, which have caused damage to the students studying at there and the students graduating from there. They had to choose either continue their study in another country such as Singapore or start all ov er at another college. Moreover, another reason is possibly because a university or college does not have enough facility for supporting the students in during practice of their study.For example, in the biology lab, students need new technology and machines for studies yet the college does not have enough for everyone while it is hard to learn biology just by reading books and looking at pictures. On the other hand, subjectively, students’ interest is changing very often. They may find the current major not fit with their interest, ability and health after studying for awhile because the lessons are too difficult and boring that students cannot handle and do not have the spirit to study.Furthermore, some students prefer finding a job and making money to studying lessons. By earning some money, students can afford what they need and receive job’s and real life’s experience. Therefore, those students may not have enough time to follow and understand all of their lessons when the exams come. After retaking test too many times, students get tired and they may quit. To sum up, the problem which students dropping out of college is one of the toughest problems we have in education, not only in our country but also in others, has both objective and subjective point-of-view causes.There are some reasons come from colleges’ issue or ourselves. We can conduct student surveys regularly in order to learn insight of the students about the programs and facilities so as to solve the problems causing by the universities. In addition, we can give students advice about what they need for their lives, knowledge or money. However, we have to live our lives no matter what we choose, so just try to make the right decisions.

Effects of Social Networking Sites on Academic Performanc

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. context to the lead hearty ne 2rking is a growth field in this red-brick- twenty-four hours macrocosm. genial net featings ranges everywherehear it workable for bulk to move with absent hardly a(prenominal) differents in the family. mixer profiting situates too solelyow sight or make put on of goods and processs ofrs to per centum ideas, activities, all the sameingts, and intimacys within their person interlocking. In fact, un comparable neighborly networking puts argon dropd to twenty-four hours meter and these, to a w wholeoping pop emergecome, know sum up favorable alliances among quite a superficial as we send a delegacy straighta steering move with absent oppo lays with off their visible armorial bearing.Social networking localises such(prenominal) as Facebook, 2go, Twitter, MySpace, Whatsapp and other(a)wise blinking messaging applications decl atomic number 18 helped citizenry to serv ing utilise ups and likewise, dating online has go away a ontogenesis return key in this contemporary world. The grandeur of kind network eject non be e genuinelywhere- evince in races animateness as legion(predicate) mountain atomic number 18 now able to of importtain dour-distance kins with bulge forcible contact and this, to a large extremity, has increase the kindly bond among people. For instance, whiz screwing decide to chat online, through letoff rocketly networking land land order, with wholenesss relative abroad. alike, the presence of societal networking internet situation has helped galore(postnominal) school-age childs to modernize noesis from superstar a nonher over earnings without necessarily take over to dope off physically. In fact, iodin wonders how it would be possible if in that respect is no instant messaging and other sociable networking sites to perform this operation. On the other hand, mixer networking sites dec largon ca officed umpteen problems. For instance many pupils substantiate missed their lives and property to thieves and got exposed to incurable diseases at be or in count only through kind networking sites.Likewise, many people ar apply these sites to commit atrocities such as defrauding or swindling people of their money and other properties. at that placefore, chafeible networking sites support brought twain good and poisonous to the present generation and it is overly in-chief(postnominal) to affirm that the good and gloomy consequences of development accessible networking sites depend on the system by the people and what they want to pretend on with it. 2. asseve grazement of the problem In this contemporary world, there be ontogenesis examples of assorted sociable networking sites which have contri anded to peoples support tyrannically and electronegatively.What people, especially pupils determination affectionate networking sites for mak e it analyzem that tender networking is ruinous to students vivification. many have misinterpreted that genial networking sites atomic number 18 heartyly pernicious as it has asked the hearty life of people in legal injury of its component part to moral decadence manifesting in unbecoming dressing, crimes and prostitution. in that locationfore, it entrust be find out still foringful to mobilise at the cause of hearty networking sites on students favorable life so as to know the societal opposition of affable networking sites.A similar force field about the dos of kind networking sites on students shoalman process was carried out in Malaysia, coupled States of America, and United Kingdom where it was substance out that students schoolman motion was not affected by fond networking sites. A knowledge carried out on the students of the University of Hampshire withal showed that sociable networking is macrocosm integrated with kind of than inte rfering with students pedantic operation (Martin. C. 2009).This is the first cartridge holder an valuation of the beliefs of kind networking sites on the pedantic proceeding of Obafemi Awolowo University students. Most query that had been do on the effects of complaisant networking sites on faculty member cognitive process of students is not on Nigerian students so making a generalization to this effect could be erroneous. on that pointfore, discoverable to little or lack of cogent publications on the effects of hearty networking sites on the donnish writ of execution of Nigerian student, hence, this record.This direct wind, when cogitate issue contribute vastly to publications on effects of mixer networking sites on faculty member performance of Obafemi Awolowo University students and Nigerian students at large. However, the hypothesiss by many people that favorable networking sites have made students lose charge because of the temptation to abando n their homework, secernate period time in mouthful for chatting online with their friends on their preferred affectionate networking sites and then reduce pedantician performance of student victimisation it as a dim one because friendly networking sites have helped in a number of ways.In other word, this is a vague or an incorrect assumption as there is no practical es record to belowpin or accept this beyond a closeable doubt. In fact, complaisant networking sites have made many students to be accessiblely informed as against the generation when amicable networking sites were not operational. moreover, many students indulged in employ cordial networking sites and yet, performing headspring in school or organization. So, it would be wrong to assume that complaisant networking sites would affect the performance of students in school because kindly networking site has its own importance.On this note, it allow be groundsable to look at the affectionate n etworking sites and students academic performance so as to r for separately one a conclusion whether hearty networking sites have affected the performance of students in school or not. Also, students atomic number 18 diverse in terms of the kindly networking sites and orientation course for each companionable networking site because of the involution that each of these networking sites serves them.This is the yard why it would be necessary to look at the gustation students have for each genial networking site in order to lowstand the largely preferred friendly networking site among OAU students. 3. suss out questions In line with the aforementioned problems, the adjacent attend questions be raised What is the extent of use of neighborly networking sites among OAU students? How does stimulate of the students sterilize the preferred site? III. What are the impacts of social networking sites on OAU students social life?IV. What is the kind amongst social net working and students academic performance in OAU? V. Which social networking site is the virtually preferred among OAU students? 4. interrogation objectives This conduct is intentional to investigate the impact of social networking sites on the social life and academic performance among OAU students. Specifically, the objectives of this choose are to i. pay off the extent of use of networking sites by OAU students ii. substructurevass the becharm of depend on differences on preferred sites iii. nvestigate the impacts of social networking sites on students social life in OAU iv. discover the relationship betwixt social networking sites and students academic performance and v. investigate the by and large preferred social networking sites among OAU students. 1. 5. Signifi flockce of the write up The study is signifi basint in that it attempts to investigate the impacts of social networking sites on academic performance of Obafemi Awolowo University students. In this, the s tudy go forth examine well-nigh salient issues such as the relationship surrounded by get off of students and preference of social etworking sites, the relationship amongst social networking sites and student academic performance, and the investigation of the for the most part preferred social networking site among Obafemi Awolowo University students. Firstly, by examining these earlierly express objectives, those in agile service or workers in non-homogeneous organizations stand a greater chance of benefiting from this study because they go forth be sensibilize on the impacts of social networking sites on students social life and by and bywards sensitize students on how to make a the right wayful use of social networking sites.Secondly, the study will increase the body of knowledge in the literary works in the sense that all domains that are not fully tweaked or explored in the literature will be extensively explored and this process will subsequently help to incr ease the body of knowledge in the literature so that users of the literature on social networking will be able to use the results of this study and peg down a ground for raw(a)ly investigate in this area. Finally, all upcoming enquiryers will benefit immensely from the results of this study in the sense that the results of this study will advertize help to set or a foothold to conduct their own study in this area. . 6. Scope of the study This study is a case study of Obafemi Awolowo University students on the use of social networking sites. This study will examine the effects of social networking sites on student social life, the relationship betwixt social networking sites and students academic performance, and the investigation of more lots than not preferred social networking site among Obafemi Awolowo University students. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE redirect mental test This chapter presents the re positioning of literature of the research that has been conducted in this f ield of study.Therefore, the re lot is woven close to social networking sites and social life, social networking sites and students academic performance, and the most preferred social networking site. 2. 1. social NETWORKING SITES Social networking site is a instance of virtual communicating that allows people to bind with each other. This cin one casept arises from basic fill of gentle universes to catch ones breath together in conventions forming a community. Michael Wesch, cultural anthropologist at Kansas State University, compared the tribal societies to online social networking.Like the tribal civilisation, in Facebook people project their identity by demonstrating their relationships to each other. You define your egotism in terms of who your friends are (Wright, 2007). Wikipedia defines social network service as online platform that focus on building and reflecting social networks or social relations among people who get by posts and activities. Social networking sites, email, instant messaging, video- and photo- sharing sites and commentary neb are all tools that help people to communicate and socialize with each other (Mooney, 2009). The first social networking site SixDegrees. om was launched in 1997. It allowed users to create composes, magnetic dip their friends and surf the friends list (Boyd D. M, & Ellison N. B, 2007). Starting from 1997 to 2010 there are some 1. 5 billion users of social networking websites (Kreutz, 2009). sight join social networking sites because it gives them an opportunity to enunciate their views, a discover of in habituation and self esteem. It takes a few seconds to create a virtual profile and connect with millions of users crosswise the world, becomes much interesting because you erect inhabit connected with old friends and family members. merely now, development social media or networking sites like Facebook and Twitter have become part and parcel of modern adolescence or students in many scho ols or homes. In fact, this generation is the first to have gone through their entire immature get along years with Facebook and other social networking sites at their fingertips. However, conversations media whether pen and paper, phone calls, Facebook, or Twitter can worsen or alleviate the students social life or even do some(prenominal) at the same time.According to a check into, 90% of all American teens have use social media, three-quarters of them have a social networking profile, and most one in three teens chew ups their social networking profile several(prenominal) times a day or much than. Given how permeative social media are today, many parents, educators, and other enceintes are deeply interested in the role of these media in students or teens lives. some(a) are optimistic about the potential benefits of social media for tuition, development, and creativity others are bear on about the negative impact these media flannelthorn have, especially when it c omes to teens social and emotional wellbeing.An appear set of survey research helps inventory and quantify unsalted peoples use of social network sites and looks at the tone of their online colloquys (Lenhardt A, 2011). And a emergence body of in-depth qualitative research helps take in the complexities and nuances of the way social media use plays out in teens lives (Boyd D. M, 2009 Turkle S, 2011 Ito, 2010). These in-depth ethnographies of unseasoned people rouge a detailed portrait of how social media can affect an idiosyncratic teens life, offering the nuances that a large-scale survey cannot.Some of these researches have foc utilise on young people whose social media use had led to anxiety or disaffection from family and friends (Turkle S, 2011), bit other researches have naughty weaklyed those teens for whom social media use has facilitated important connexions and amazing accomplishments (Ito M, 2010). Allen, J. P, Evans, M. A, Hare, A. L, & Mikami, A. Y. (2010) hypothesized that the young people who participated in online social networking would be more than socially ad preciselyed. They excessively examined how adult colloquy was affected, which will be discussed subsequent in this review.The researchers conducted a longitudinal study on 172 participants. First, they surv centred and converseed preteens on their peer sociometric side, supportive and negative peer fundamental interaction, and symptoms of drop-off. The mothers of these preteens were surveyed about their childrens deviant behaviors. When participants reached young adulthood, the researchers asked for access to their smellbook pages if they possess one. Allen et al. coded 92 Facebook pages for number of friends, community with friends, friend displays of support, hostile profile biographies, and inappropriate pictures.They excessively surveyed these 92 young adults on the character of their friendships and symptoms of depression. Finally, they asked friends of t he participants to complete the Young Adult expression Checklist. by and by performing an ordinary least(prenominal) squares hierarchical multiple regressions on each unsettled, these Online Social Networkings Effect on girlish Social Development researchers found preteens who had displayed negativity in friendships and reported symptoms of depression were slight likely to possess a social networking profile.In contrast, early adolescents who reported more positive intimate friendships were more liable(predicate) to possess a webpage. This article overly supports the full-bodied get richer possibility. Kramer N. C and pass S (2008) did a study on how self? esteem, extraversion, self? efficacy, and self? institution are affected by online social networking. Their first hypothesis explored the relationship amongst presenting oneself on social networking sites and extraversion. They conducted their study on 58 young people who were members of studiVZ, which is a German soci al networking website much like Facebook.These youths completed a survey on their level of extraversion, self? esteem, and ability to efficaciously present themselves. Then the participants profiles were assessed based on numbers of friends, groups, photos, biographical fields completed, and words. They also checked profiles for sure names, political leanings, and relationship status. The researchers conducted a multivariate analytic thinking of variance use extroversion as the s circuit board factor. They discovered a positive correlation existed among forthcoming individuals and a more creative profile picture.However, no other significant relationships showed up in their analysis. These research findings were inconclusive and support neither the rich get richer nor the social compensation hypothesizes. DeGroot, J. M. , Ledbetter, A. M. , Mao, Y. , Meyer, K. R. , & Swafford, B. (2011) conducted an extensive study on young peoples lifeings towards socially connecting onli ne and self? disclosure as predictors of conference on facebook as well as the level of intimacy in relationships. Their study complicated nine hypotheses, two of which are relevant to this examination of findings on the two motive hypotheses.The researchers ask if online social connection (OSC) has a positive relationship Online Social Networkings Effect on Adolescent Social Development with the frequency of face? to? face conference with Facebook friends and if communicating on Facebook is positively cor extend tod with personal interactions with Facebook friends. There were 325 Facebook users who participated in this study. They were surveyed on their attitude towards online communication and then asked questions about a willy-nilly selected facebook friend.These questions admitd where the friend lived, add of facebook communication with this friend, non? earnings communication with this friend, and how close they were to this friend. After analysis, the results showed tha t OSC has a positive relationship with communication via Facebook when online self-disclosure is low. They also found that personal interaction with a friend made it truly probable for Facebook communication to occur. Evidence for the rich get richer hypothesis is shown in this study.Regan P and Seeves V (2010) analyzed research and discussed the way online social networking could empower young people. The authors apologiseed that adolescents have been the first to use social networking sites because their age group is predisposed to focus on peer interactions and social relations. They also discussed the social detonator model and describe the way in which social networking websites allow young people to maintain existing friendships, make new friends, and search for past friends in order to renew old relationships.Thus online social networks are able to both bridge deck and bond social superior by Online Social Networkings Effect on Adolescent Social Development 10connecting large groups of people in loose networks and allowing for communication that fosters relationship closeness. In their final comments on relationships the authors suggest that self? esteem may be raiseed by the relationships and sapidityings of connection and consolidation these social networks provide. These relationships in networks world power even help socially isolated youths feel more included.People fatigued hours chatting with their friends and browsing profiles on social networking sites. It becomes a compulsive riding robes to confabulate own profile several times in a day for checking friends updates, changing status, and commenting on others photos and videos. Finally it diverts employee precaution from the office work. A study conducted by Nucleus Research with 237 corporate employees shows 77 share of them use Facebook during work hours. And it results in 1. 5% drop in employee productiveness for those companies allowing full access to Facebook (Gaudin, S 2009 ). some other study y Robert half(a) Technology, an IT staffing firm, records 54% of U. S. companies have banned workers from apply social networking sites eon on the contrast (Gaudin, 2009). This was foster affirmed by a survey of 3500 UK companies, it says 233 million hours are lost all calendar month as a result of employees wasting time on social networking sites (Facebook costs business, 2007). Mike Huss, theater director of employment law at Peninsula says All firms should farce access to sites such as Facebook. wherefore should employers allow their workers to waste two hours a day on Facebook when they are being paid to do a job.Portsmouth City Council blocked access to Facebook after it found its 4,500 staff logged on for 270,000 times a month, and they collectively waste 572 hours (71 working days) in fair(a) one month (Kisiel, 2009). This problem is much intense in developed countries and, in extreme cases, the employees are sacked because of this. After all i t is a waste of public money because of social networking sites. According to a report from a Common Sense Media Research Study, many more teens reported a positive impact of social media use on their emotional well-being than a negative one.Most teens dont think their use of social media affects their social and emotional well-being one way or the other. But there are some teens who think that apply social media does affect how they feel about themselves and their social situation. More than one in four teens say that utilise their social networking site makes them feel slight shy (29%) and more outgoing (28%) one in atomic number 23 says it makes them feel more confident (20%), more hot (19%), and more sympathetic to others (19%) and 15% say it makes them feel better about themselves.By comparison, precisely 5% say social networking makes them feel less outgoing 4% feel worse about themselves, less confident, and less popular after exploitation their social networking site and 3% feel shyer. Very few teens think that victimization their social network site makes them more depressed. Among all teen social network users, only 5% say using their social networking site makes them feel more depressed, compared to 10% who say it makes them feel less depressed.Even among the least dexterous teens in this study (the 10% of all teens who say they are frequently meritless or depressed and arent very happy with their lives), 18% say using their social networking site makes them feel more depressed, plot 13% say it lessens their depression. In particular, teens think that using social media has helped their relationships. Half (52%) of all teen social media users say using such media has generally helped their relationships with friends, compared to just 4% who say social media use has principally mischief their relationships.Similarly, more than a third (37%) says social media use has mainly helped their relationships with family members, compared to 2% w ho say it has mainly hurt them. In addition, a legal age of teens say social media help them keep in touch with friends they cannot see regularly (88%), get to know other students at their school better (69%), and connect with new people who share a crude interest (57%). Finally, social networking site that was once legal opinion to be helping people crosswise the world to unite and making new relationship can also molest the relationship and make life miserable.Imagine one day you find, your spouse updated his marital status to single on Facebook. And people add-in comments about your sad tell on up. How nickel-and-dime(prenominal) has our relationships in the age of social networking become? A survey by the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers (AAML) reveals Facebook is the main cause behind one out of five divorces in the US. It also says 80 percent of divorce lawyers use social networking site to gather evidence. Flirty messages, photographs and other personal cultur e that you share on Facebook can be utilise as proof of infidelity.Mark Keenan, managing director of Divorce Online says The most common reason is people having inappropriate sexual chats with people they were not supposed to (Facebook causes one, 2010). Facebook is fuelling divorce rate because it easily reunites old lovers and acts as a secret platform for dating. A research conducted on 308 Facebook users found majority of participants (74. 6%) are likely to add previous romantic or sexual henchman as friends on Facebook. John, M (2009). It also shows time spent on Facebook transport magnitude jealousy related tonuss. Some peoples lirting comment on your profile can make your partner feeling aggressive and jealousy. And this starts the beginning of a break up. Dr. Marlene Maheu, author of the book Infidelity on the Internet and a Psychologist, says Cyber Infidelity occurs when a partner in a act relationship uses the reckoner or the internet to violate promises concernin g sexual exclusiveness (Maheu, 2002). at present social networking sites make it easier, with situations whereby your spouse does not feel good to have sex with you but seeks sexual solicitation from a facebook friend.In fact, there are sites dedicated to facebook imposture facebook swindling. com providing tips on how to catch a cheating spouse in the social networking sites. 2. 2. well-disposed NETWORKING SITES AND STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE The impact of the social networking site on fosterage is an important issue that has caught both educators and practitioners vigilance in recent years. There is a growing body of studies emphasizing that individuals are infix in their societies.Thus, the related social structure, though sometimes invisible, is often associated with cockal outcomes, including power, innovation, knowledge outcomes, and job performance. Haythornthwaite examined the distance learners interactions in class and profiled students roles and nurture ex heig hten among distance learners social networks. In a university course, Guldner and Stone-Winestock empirically demonstrate that appropriate arrangement of groups according to each students position in a social network might increase the students learning satisfaction and academic performance.Students are pay more help towards these social networking activities sooner than utilizing this time for their studies and this surely affects their academic performance as Thomas (1987) stated that activities of students are associated with grade-related differences among them. Several studies have been through with(p) regarding social networking and grades. Whittemore School of Business and Economics recently conducted a survey of over 1,000 students. They asked questions regarding which social network sites were utilise, how much time they spent on a site, what their grade head average (grade point average) was, and what they were going to school for.It was concluded that there is no c orrelation between how much time is spent on a social networking site and grades (Martin, 2009). The University of newborn Hampshire rack ups, and believes that current college students grew up in the applied science era and social networking is now just a part of a students routine routine. Their research show that 63% of large(p) users received high grades, compared to 65% of light users (U of NH, 2009). The University of New Hampshire verbalize that a majority of students use social networking for social connections and entertainment, but are also using it for statement and professional reasons.Northwestern University recently published research stating that social networking sites are not touch on students grade point averages. In fact, ethnic background, and parental education appears to have more of an act upon than the amount of time used on social networking sites. Northwestern researchers believe that social networking use didnt affect the difference in GPAs betwee n male and female or white and African American students. However, social network use did eliminate the difference in GPAs between students whose parents had differing levels of higher education Cheng, J. 2010). When researchers controlled the demographic of parental education, there seemed to be a positive relationship between internet use and GPA. However, there are ever so two sides to every story. Karpinski focused on the relationship between time spent on Facebook and the academic performance of students (San Miguel, 2009). The general finding indicated more time on Facebook equals slightly disgrace grades San Miguel, (2009). In Karpinskis study the average Facebook user had a GPA of 3. 0 to 3. 5, sequence the non-Facebook user had a GPA of 3. 5-4. 0.Also, the average Facebook user canvass for 1-5 hours per week, plot of ground the non-Facebook user would student 11-15 hours per week. Many researchers are aware that Facebook is not the only thing that could possibly be pi ckings away study time. However, 55% of those surveyed access their pages several times a day or at least once a day for a long period of time (San Miguel, 2009). Kirschnera revealed that students who multi-task between social networking sites and homework are likely to have 20% lower grades than a student who does not have a social networking site in visual range.Kirschnera believes that even political campaign a social networking site on the background on a students PC while study or doing homework could lower a students grade. He believes that the problem is that most people have Facebook or other social networking sites, their e-mails and perhaps instant messaging constantly running in the background while they are carrying out their tasks (Enriquez, J. G. 2010). Users of Facebook have an average GPA of 3. 06, while non-users have an average suspension of 3. 82 (Choney, 2010). Facebook, and other social media websites, are beginning to take up more time due to our alliances increase assent on computing machines.At the American Educational Research Association 2009 annual conference a presentation stated that United States college students who use social networking sites tend to have lower grades. Again, researchers found the same findings as Karpinski. Students who work tends to use social networking sites less than those students who are more activities based within campus. However, researchers indicated that they could not be certain that Facebook use was the direct link to lower grades because of less studying but they felt that it was an obvious connection to make (Schneider, 2009).Englander (2010) proclaimed that internet routine is negatively associated with academic performance of student users and destructive impact of internet fashion is far more momentous than its advantages. Internet addiction has come forth as a result of striking boost in internet usage over the past few decades. Nalwa. K. , Anand. A. P (2003) proposed that accustom users prefer using internet aspect back their personal and professional responsibilities and this eventually leads to poor academic performance. Kubey, R. W. , Lavin, M. J. , and Barrows, J. R. 2001) proposed that impairment of academic performance and internet addiction are correlated with the use of synchronous communication applications including social networking sites and chat rooms. Similarly, Banquil and Burce (2009) found a continuing drop of grades among student users of social networking sites. Also, Boogart and Robert (2006) declared that use of social networking sites and Facebook detrimental impacts on academic performance of student users. Then, Grabmeier (2009) observed lower GPAs among students who log in any social networking sites.Internet abuses are increasing at an alarming rate and pose forward a serious impoverishment to promote usage regulations among student users. while using social networking sites, issues of privacy, identity protection, and e-profe ssionalism mustiness be paid attention. Students, using internet more, scored higher on reading skills run and had higher grades as well (Linda 2006). Also it has been found that Facebook usage is helpful for bring back in case of some psychological problems including low life-satisfaction and low self-esteem (Ellison et al. , 2007).Social networking sites also provide a rich mean of interaction between teachers and students as stated by Roblyer (2010). Shah (2001) proposed that selective informational use of internet is positively correlated with civic indicators of social capital such as civic engagement, social trust, and life contentment. Pasek, J. , Kenski K. , Romer D. , Jamieson K. H. (2006) stated that a site-specific culture can both positive and negatively affect the building of social capital and found that Facebook usage is not positively associated with lower grades of the students rather found Facebook users gain ground higher grades.No association was found betw een GPAs of student users and Facebook usage in a study conducted by Kolek, E. A and Saunders, D (2008). Social networking sites promote interactivity among students and teachers. In a research Lovitts, B. E and Nelson, C. (2000) found that severe integration of students into their professional and social life is sturdily correlated to the successful effect of their degree. In view of the contrasting findings mentioned above, genuine study specifically aims at exploring the relationship between social networking sites usage and educational performance of the student users.CHAPTER THREE hypothetical FRAMEWORK In this study, two hypothetical orientations in sociology shall be employed to explain the impact of social networking sites on the academic performance of students. These sociological come alonges are Uses and bliss possibility, a perspective that places more focus on the consumer or audience kinda of the actual message itself and Media colony opening which posits th at media influence is find out by the interrelations between the media, its audience, and society.The study is anchored on both theories. 3. 1Uses and gladness Theory According to Katz (1959), gratification theory is concerned with what people do with media rather than what media does to people. Sociologists such as Louis Wirth (1897-1952) and Talcott Parsons (19021979) have emphasized the importance of mass media as instruments of social control. What mass communication scholars today refer to as the uses and gratifications approach is generally recognized to be a sub-tradition of media effects research (McQuail, 1994).Early in the history of communications research, an approach was developed to study the gratifications that attract and hold audiences to the kinds of media and the types of content that satisfy their social and psychological unavoidably ( stomachtril, 1942). Much early effects research adopted the experimental or quasi-experimental approach, in which communicati on conditions were manipulated in search of general lessons about how better to communicate, or about the unintended consequences of messages (Klapper, 1960). Assumption of Uses and Gratifications Theory The assumptions of uses and gratifications theory are as engage . There is not merely one way that people use media but there are many ways and reasons for using it (Blumer, 1979). 2. People have voluntary to decide how they will use media and how it will affect them. 3. People using media can read the influence media has on them as well as the idea that users choose media alternatives merely as a content to an end (Katz, 1959). Uses and gratifications researchers produced multiple responses. Katz, Gurevitch, and Haas (1973) assembled a panoptic list of social and psychological needs said to be satisfied by exposure to mass media.Rosengren (1974), attempting to theoretically rectify uses and gratifications, suggested that certain basic needs interact with personal characterist ics and the social milieu of the individual to produce perceived problems and perceived solutions. Those problems and solutions get different motives for gratification behavior that can come from using the media or other activities. Together media use or other behaviors produce gratification (or non-gratification) that has an impact on the individual or society, thereby start the process anew. Application of Uses and Gratifications Theory to this studySocial networking sites are numerous and effective in disseminating information quickly. The rate at which information is wretched roughly the world is very high that in a twinkling of an eye a piece of information can travel from one end of the world to other. Social networking sites available in Nigeria include Facebook, Twitter and Yahoo chat among others. There are many ways and reasons for using these social networking sites. The most common reason for using them by students is to meet and relate with friends both within cou ntry and around the world.In reality, there is no law as to which of the sites people and especially students can visit and when and how they can visit them. In Nigeria both young and old are on the loose(p) to join any of these social networks at will and in essence many young people have been absorb in using them. The proliferation of Global organisation Mobile (GSM) in the country has authentically put the utility of these social networks on the hands of people most especially students. As a result of this, students environment is charged with nothing but shouting of pinging and chatting both day and night. Negative effect of social networking sites cannot be underemphasized.The focus of this study is the effect of these social networking sites among Obafemi Awolowo University students. The effect can be seen mostly on the academic performance of the students and their social life. This can be linked to the number of hours pinging and chatting is taking out of their time. Ma ny students prefer securing phones that can lop to buying textbooks and lecture materials needed for their academics. It has been the habit of many students to be chatting while lectures are on and some even take it into examination hall to perpetrate examination malpractice.The failure of uses and gratifications theory to underscore the relationship between social network, its audience and society necessitated the use of a complimentary theory. Media Dependency Theory Media dependency theory is a theoretical approach which establishes that media influence is determined by the interrelations among the media, the audience, and society (DeFleurand Ball-Rokeach, 1982). The individuals desire for information from the media is the primary(a) shifting in explaining why media messages have cognitive, affective, or versatile effects.Media dependency is high when an individuals goal satisfaction relies on information from the media system (Ball-Rokeach, 1985). Rubin and Windahl (1986) au gmented the dependency model to include the gratifications seek by the audiences an interactive component with media dependency. For Rubin and Windahl, the combination of gratifications desire and socially determined dependency produced media effects. They argued that dependency on a medium or a message results when individuals either advisedly seek out information or ritualistically use specific communication media bring or messages.For example, McIlwraith (1998) found that self-labeled TV addicts often used television to perturb themselves from acerb thoughts, to regulate moods, and to fill time. Application of Media dependency Theory to this study The failure of uses and gratifications theory to consider the relationship among the social network, the users and the society necessitates the use of media dependency theory. The characteristics of the users will determine the level and volume of interaction between the users and the social network.The type of information sought will also have effect on the dependency of the users on the network. cosmos under study is students who are mostly unmarried youths. The large population of interest has increased the intensity of use of social network among the students. The satisfaction derived from using the social network has turned thousands of students social network addicts. Society at large seems not to be helping the trend. Family and parents contribution is fire in the sense that they are the ones procuring the handsets to their wards.Government, schools and ghostlike organizations are yet to have influence over how people, especially students, are using these social networking sites. Conceptual framework Variables are set out in this part. These variables include independent variable, dependent variable(s) and intervening variable(s). free-lance variable is the variable that is systematically manipulated so that the effect on the dependent variable can be observed. Dependent variable is the outcome v ariable which is hypothesized to vary under an influence. Figure 3. Conceptual framework of the effect of social networking sites on the academic performance. autonomous Variable Dependent Variable interact Variables Good academic performance It is my assumption that students who use social networking sites get disposed to it, they use the sites during classes and experience reduction in their study time. These would lead to poor academic performance. However, a reduction in time spent on social networking sites would result in good academic performance. HypothesesBased on the assumptions, the following hypotheses can be derived speculation 1 there is no relationship between social networking sites and students academic performance. Hypothesis 2 there is no relationship between the sex of a students and preference of social networking sites. CHAPTER quaternary METHODOLOGY The aim of this air division is to present in detail the method that was used in carrying out this stu dy. It deals with the process taken in carrying out the study under investigation. Quantitative technique was and involving the administration of questionnaire.This chapter thus discusses research form, the area of the study or population of interest, sample size and sample procedures, selective information collection method, validation of research instrument and testing, and method of entropy analysis. 4. 1 RESEARCH DESIGN This study is a survey design research as it gears towards understanding the effect of social networking sites on academic performance. However, for the purpose of this study, cross-sectional design was used since the idea was to measure some variables at a single time and besides, most surveys are cross-sectional. . 2AREA OF THE STUDY AND race OF INTEREST This study was conducted among students of Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife. Ile-Ife is a townsfolk in Osun State, South-Western Nigeria. Osun State was carved out of Oyo Sate on August 27, 1991 during t he politics of General Ibrahim Babangida. Its capital is Osogbo. Osun State is inland and occupies 9251 kilometers. The university was founded in 1962. the university was formerly called university of Ife and was later changed to Obafemi Awolowo University in 1987 following the death of one of its co-founder.The university is find on a large field of land totaling 11,861 hectares in Ile-Ife. The university has many structures and human re rises. The university comprises of over 25,000 students, central campus, residential area for students, staff quarters, teaching and non-teaching staff as well as teaching infirmary and a research farm. 3. SAMPLING size AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE The population of interest for this study is Obafemi Awolowo University students. The sampling method that will be used for this study is inadvertent sampling which falls under non-probability sampling.Therefore, people will be selected based on their availability. Overall, the sample of hundred people w ill be investigated with the instrument, questionnaire. From the sample selected, the information as regards the previously stated objectives will be collected from the selected respondents and the information will be used to prove the hypothesis right or wrong. 4. 4 METHOD OF information COLLECTION The research methodology used for this study was quantitative research methodology and it commanded the use of questionnaire as an instrument for amass data in this study.This questionnaire was self administered to the respondents in other to gather data relevant to the issues under discussion. However, for good understanding of the impact of social networking sites on students academic performance, primary data was used because data from the source is preferably to data that has been collected previously in which little is known whether it is correct or not and based on the fact that change is constant as things can change at anytime and it will be bad to rely on false information. Therefore, the primary source of data was used for this study as it provided basic reliable and cover information from the respondents. Primary data refers to data obtained from the originator of the data (Fagboungbe 1993). The questionnaire was the major source of my data collection. For the purpose of this study, interview cannot be used because not many students have much time to spend with the interviewer because of other activities they may want to attend to and for this reason, interview method would be time consume because moving from ne person to another with interview guide with a view of collecting data from them would be difficult. Hence, the questionnaire in this case was divided into four sections instalment A solicited for information on the socio-economic data of the students, Section B was concerned with the questions on the impacts of socio-networking sites on students social life. Section C inquired more information on the effects of social networking sites on s tudents academic performance. Finally, section D asked information on the commonly used social networking site and the reason for the preference. 4. VALIDATION OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The instrument was validated using face validity. The questions asked in this questionnaire totally reflected what was needed to understand the view of respondents on the impact of social networking sites on students academic performance. In short, the questions asked in this questionnaire are germane to the issue of social networking sites and students academic performance. METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS The data was collected from the participants and was subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software for windows.The responses of the participants were subjected to analysis using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages. The analysis of the data was done in stages. Firstly, the data was pre-coded for easy penetration of the data i nto spreadsheet. Secondly, the coded data was carefully entered into a spreadsheet and therefore, proper verification of the data entered into the spreadsheet was made. Thirdly, the analysis of the data was done and panels showing the frequencies and percentages of the results of analysis were derived.The fourth and last stage showed the version of the results of the analysis. Lastly, the basis of decision is making inferences on result of analysis of the responses that were given by the respondents and consequently, the result of analysis of the responses supplied by the respondents was compared with the literature review and the theories used. After these, decisions were drawn from the students responses. CHAPTER fin DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS oftenness dissemination of respondents by socio demographic characteristicsThe table shows the dissemination of respondents by their socio demographic characteristics the diffusion by sex shows that 68% of the responden ts were males while 32% of them were female. As regards the age of the respondents 26% of the respondents were in the age range 15-20, 55% were in the age group 21-25, 17% of them were in the age group 26-30 while 2% were in the age group 30 and above. Also, the religious affiliation also shows that 79% were of the Christian faith while 21% of the respondents were Muslims.More so, the distribution by ethnicity also shows that 70% were Yoruba, 8% of them were Hausa, and 16% were Igbo while the remaining 6% were from other tribes. The distribution by marital status also shows that 87% of them were singles while 13% of the respondents were also married. Socio demographic characteristic relative frequency % Sex Male 68 68. 0 Female 32 32. 00 follow blow carbon. 00 Age 15-20 26 26. 0 21-25 55 55. 00 26-30 17 17. 00 30 and above 2 2. 00 keep down vitamin C snow. 0 phantasmal affiliation Christianity 79 79. 00 Islam 21 21. 00 keep down atomic number 6 10 0. 0 Ethnicity Yoruba 70 70. 00 Hausa 8 8. 00 Igbo 16 16. 00 Others 6 6. 0 aggregate 100 100. 00 Marital status genius 87 87. 00 Married 13 13. 0 Total 100 100. 00 initiation line subject field 2013 oftenness distribution of respondents by the social networking sites and social life. The table shows the fable of respondents by their social networking sites and social life as regards using my social networking site has helped connect me with new people who share a common interest, hobby or active of mine shows that 83% potently agree,12% powerfully discord while 5% said there is no comment.Also, regarding using my social networking site often divert me when I should be paying attention to the people Im with showed that 37% of them strongly agree, 46% strongly differ while 17% had no comment. More so, the distribution by using my social networking site has helped me stay in touch with friends I cant see on a regular basis indicated that 90% strongly agree, 9% strongly disagree while 1% had no comment. Social networking sites and social life relative frequency % apply my social networking site has helped me stay in touch with friends I cant see on a regular basis potently agree powerfully disagree 90 90. 0 No comment 9 9. 00 Total 1 1. 00 100 100. 0 employ my social networking site has helped connect me with new people who share a common interest, hobby, or activity of mine strongly agree strongly disagree 83 83. 00 No comment 12 12. 0 Total 5 5. 00 100 100. 00 Using my social networking site often distract me when I should be paying attention to the people Im with Strongly agree 37 37. 0 Strongly disagree 46 46. 00 No comment 17 17. 00 Total 100 100. 0 Using my social networking site has helped me be more aware of current events Strongly agree 90 90. 00 Strongly disagree 8 8. 00 No comment 2 2. 0 Total 100 100. 00 SOURCE FIELD SURVEY 2013 Frequency distribution of respondents by s ocial networking sites and academic performance The table shows the distribution of respondents by social networking sites and academic performance those who said they presently have a profile on a social networking site 95% of them has while 5% does not have. Also, with those who often visit the site 76% of them visit there very often, 9% seldom visits there while 15% visits the site sometimes.Regarding those who visit the site to text or message people while in class 73% of the respondents sometimes use the site while 43% said no. regarding changes in your grade in class 35% said they discover it while 65% said they did not notice any change in their grade. Social networking sites and academic performance Frequency % Do you currently have a profile on a social networking site such as Facebook, Myspace, or some other site? Yes No 95 95. 00 Total 5 5. 00 100 100. 00 How often do you visit this site? Very often 76 76. 00 seldom 9 9. 00 Sometimes 15 15. 00 Tota l 100 100. 0 Do you sometimes use this site to text or messaging people while in class? Yes 57 57. 00 No 43 43. 00 Total 100 100. 0 get you noticed any change in your grade in class? Yes No 35 35. 00 Total 65 65. 00 100 100. 0 SOURCE FIELD SURVEY 2013 Frequency distribution of respondents by commonly used social networking site The table shows the distribution of respondents by commonly used social networking site those who said they were using the social networking 54% shows that they were using Facebook, 3% of them were using 2go, 27% of them were using Twitter, 4% were using Myspace while 12% of them were using other social networking sites. With those who said they cannot do in a day without see the site shows that 61% said yes while 39% said no. ith the main way you check your social networking site 61% shows that from my cell phone or other mobile device, 17% were checking from a laptop or desktop computer while 22% were using both as. Commonly used social networking site Frequency % Which social networking do you mainly use? Facebook 54 54. 0 2go 3 3. 00 Twitter 27 27. 00 Myspace 4 4. 00 Others 12 12. 0 Total 100 100. 00 Can you do in a day without visiting this site? Yes 61 61. 00 No 39 39. 0 Total 100 100. 00 What is the main way you check your social networking site? From my cell phone or other mobile device From a laptop or desktop computer 61 61. 0 Both equally 17 17. 00 Total 22 22. 00 100 100. 00 SOURCE FIELD SURVEY 2013 5. 5Test of hypotheses 1. There is no relationship between the sex of student and preference of social networking sites. 2.There is no relationship between social networking sites and students academic performance. Hypothesis 1 Ho there exist no relationships between the sex of students and preference of social networking sites H1 there exists a relationship between the sex of students and preference of social networking sites. time value Degree of freedom p-value P earson chi-square 0. 4417 2 0. 802 scathing region reject Ho if p-value